Table 5.

Changes in mental health after participating in the SaBang-Dol Gi walking exercise program.

Domain	Characteristic	Period	Exp. (N = 21)	Con. (N = 19)	ANOVA (p)
			M ± SD	M ± SD	G	T	G × T
Emotion	Social Desirability	Pre	54.00 ± 12.67	53.42 ± 6.40	0.570	0.872	0.160
		Post	51.90 ± 13.62	56.05 ± 9.84
	Inconsistency	Pre	50.05 ± 10.66	50.89 ± 13.51	0.971	0.461	0.776
		Post	48.86 ± 9.55	48.21 ± 14.08
	Depression	Pre	48.38 ± 7.03	46.89 ± 8.56	0.963	0.001 ***	0.013 *
		Post	43.57 ± 7.02	45.84 ± 8.94
	Anxiety	Pre	51.71 ± 8.32	48.84 ± 10.48	0.650	0.037 *	0.086
		Post	48.10 ± 6.56	48.47 ± 10.68
	Phobic Anxiety	Pre	49.19 ± 6.18	48.05 ± 8.65	0.798	0.072	0.016 *
		Post	46.10 ± 4.66	48.53 ± 12.03
	Panic Attack	Pre	51.43 ± 9.07	47.53 ± 6.23	0.328	0.038 *	0.090
		Post	46.90 ± 5.07	47.05 ± 7.03
	Agoraphobia	Pre	47.38 ± 5.76	49.00 ± 12.91	0.368	0.856	0.044 *
		Post	46.00 ± 5.19	50.16 ± 14.32
	Obsessive-Compulsive	Pre	49.76 ± 9.47	49.74 ± 11.52	0.708	0.094	0.352
		Post	46.52 ± 5.46	48.79 ± 13.01
	Obsession	Pre	52.00 ± 10.12	46.63 ± 10.91	0.315	0.323	0.081
		Post	48.29 ± 8.18	47.68 ± 11.37
	Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Trait	Pre	46.90 ± 9.64	53.47 ± 14.60	0.109	0.119	0.515
		Post	45.52 ± 5.62	50.16 ± 15.17
	Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	Pre	49.05 ± 10.97	49.37 ± 14.24	0.863	0.126	0.888
		Post	46.14 ± 8.34	46.95 ± 12.17
	Aggression	Pre	46.52 ± 6.01	45.58 ± 8.51	0.834	0.240	0.621
		Post	44.86 ± 4.45	44.89 ± 10.11
	Somatization	Pre	51.00 ± 10.97	46.53 ± 7.21	0.150	0.001 ***	0.496
		Post	46.14 ± 9.33	43.21 ± 6.12
Adaptation to reality	Manic episode	Pre	51.71 ± 10.12	53.42 ± 15.99	0.484	0.571	0.596
		Post	50.14 ± 8.84	53.37 ± 11.88
	Paranoia	Pre	46.38 ± 7.67	45.68 ± 8.16	0.904	0.904	0.552
		Post	45.86 ± 9.18	46.47 ± 9.82
	Schizophrenia	Pre	48.81 ± 7.75	50.84 ± 9.40	0.338	0.327	0.703
		Post	47.14 ± 6.53	50.11 ± 11.75
Others	Suicide	Pre	45.76 ± 6.19	44.00 ± 5.89	0.781	0.914	0.242
		Post	44.67 ± 7.69	45.31 ± 8.14
	Addiction	Pre	46.76 ± 2.41	50.89 ± 0.00	0.466	0.274	0.655
		Post	47.10 ± 3.63	46.79 ± 3.44
	Sleep Problem	Pre	53.95 ± 8.74	49.58 ± 10.21	0.410	0.144	0.050 *
		Post	50.57 ± 8.98	50.05 ± 11.13
	Stress Vulnerability	Pre	51.71 ± 8.32	48.84 ± 10.48	0.488	0.026 *	0.020 *
		Post	48.10 ± 6.56	48.47 ± 10.68
	Interpersonal Sensitivity	Pre	52.24 ± 7.15	49.42 ± 10.83	0.796	0.318	0.072
		Post	49.00 ± 5.69	50.37 ± 12.98
	Self-Regulation Problem	Pre	51.19 ± 7.33	46.05 ± 8.79	0.265	0.005 **	0.029 *
		Post	45.86 ± 7.30	45.32 ± 10.58

All data represent mean ± standard deviation. Exp., experimental group; Con., control group; Pre, pretest; Post, posttest; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; G, group; T, time; G × T, groups × time. * p < 0.05; ** p <0.01; *** p < 0.001.