Table 1.
Main patients characteristics
| Total population (n = 391) | Successful liberation from MV 28 days (n = 165) | Unsuccessful liberation from MV 28 days (n = 226) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | ||||
| Age - year (IQR) | 66 (59–72) | 64 (56–70) | 68 (62–74) | < 0.001 |
| Sex - male – no (%) | 300 (76.7%) | 121 (73.3%) | 179 (79.2%) | 0.175 |
| BMI - median (IQR) | 28 (26–31) | 28 (26–31) | 28 (26–31) | 0.918 |
| SAPS II score | 38 (31–46) | 35 (28–42) | 39 (33–48) | < 0.001 |
| SOFA score at ICU admission | 5 (3–7) | 4 (3–6) | 6 (4–8) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension - no (%) | 222 (56.8%) | 79 (47.9%) | 143 (63.3%) | 0.003 |
| Chronic ischemic heart disease - no (%) | 35 (9.0%) | 12 (7.3%) | 23 (10.2%) | 0.416 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 26 (6.6%) | 8 (4.8%) | 18 (8.0%) | 0.362 |
| CKD - patients in dialisys - no (%) | 4 (1.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 3 (1.3%) | |
| COPD - no (%) | 27 (6.9%) | 11 (6.7%) | 16 (7.1%) | 0.964a |
| COPD - home oxygen therapy/CPAP - no (%) | 2 (0.5%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.4%) | |
| Diabetes - no (%) | 85 (21.7%) | 28 (17.0%) | 57 (25.2%) | 0.067 |
| Chronic liver disease (MELD > 10) - no (%) | 3 (0.8%) | 1 (0.6%) | 2 (0.9%) | 1.000 |
| Active cancer - no (%) | 7 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (3.1%) | 0.058 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy - no (%) | 10 (2.6%) | 1 (0.6%) | 9 (4.0%) | 0.078 |
| Smoker status (n = 213) b | ||||
| Current - no (%) | 13 (6.1%) | 8 (8.1%) | 5 (4.4%) | 0.507a |
| Previous - no (%) | 66 (31.0%) | 29 (29.3%) | 37 (32.5%) | |
| Characteristics before ICU admission | ||||
| Time from symptoms onset to hospital admission (n = 327)b - d (IQR) | 7 (4–9) | 7 (4–9) | 7 (4–10) | 0.480 |
| Time from hospital admission to ICU admission - d (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (0–5) | 0.436 |
| Time from hospital admission to intubation - d (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–6) | 0.389 |
| Ward of admission | ||||
| Emergency department - no (%) | 70 (17.9%) | 20 (12.1%) | 50 (22.1%) | 0.04a |
| Medical ward - no (%) | 184 (47.1%) | 82 (49.7%) | 102 (45.1%) | |
| Other ICU - no (%) | 137 (35.0%) | 63 (38.2%) | 74 (32.7%) | |
| High flow nasal oxygen therapy before intubation (n = 362)b - no (%) | 31 (8.5%) | 14 (9.1%) | 17 (8.1%) | 0.880 |
| CPAP/Non-invasive ventilation trial before intubation (n = 363)b - no (%) | 254 (70%) | 117 (70.9%) | 137 (60.6%) | 0.029 |
| Duration of CPAP/NIV trial (n = 363)b | ||||
| < 12 h - no (%) | 56 (22.1%) | 24 (20.5%) | 32 (23.5%) | 0.051a |
| 12–24 h - no (%) | 63 (24.9%) | 35 (29.9%) | 28 (20.6%) | |
| 24–48 h - no (%) | 44 (17.4%) | 25 (21.4%) | 19 (14.0%) | |
| > 48 h - no (%) | 90 (35.6%) | 33 (28.2%) | 57 (41.9%) | |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio before intubation (n = 297)b | 94 (75–119) | 96 (71–125) | 91 (77–116) | 0.544 |
Abbreviations: IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, SAPS simplified acute physiology score, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, MELD model for end-stage liver disease, NIV non-invasive ventilation, PaO2 arterial oxygen partial pressure, FiO2 inspired fraction of oxygen
ap value referred to Pearson’s chi-square test performed on the contingency table represented
bIncomplete data due to transfer from other ICUs without complete medical records