Table 1.

Cannabidiol (CBD) formulations under development by commercial companies (presented in alphabetical order) with information in the public domain. Abbreviations: CBD, cannabidiol; i.v., intravenous; N/A, not available; NHIE, Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy; TMP, tetramethylpyrazine; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; CB2, cannabinoid type 2 receptor; US, ultrasound; BBB, blood–brain barrier.

Company	Name	Formulation (If Available)	Delivery	PK Data/Other	Clinical Development	References
Ananda Scientific	Enhanced CBD	ANANDA’s Liquid Structure™ Enhanced CBD	N/A (presumed oral)	Reported as: fully water soluble (100%); high bioavailability (20× more than other CBD oils at 30 min); no degradation in stomach; stable—storable at room temperature for at least 2 years; consistent dosing—reliable results with use	Phase 1 studies underway for indications: neuropathic pain and opioid replacement and withdrawal	[57]
Aphios	APH-1501	Nanoencapsulated Cannabidiol Time Released Capsules; CBD encapsulated in biodegradable polymer nanospheres as a lyophilised powder	Oral capsule	N/A	Phase 2 trial planned for the treatment of opioid addiction	[58]
Artelo Biosciences	ART12.11	Co-crystal solid state formulation with TMP	Oral	N/A	Pre-clinical development for PTSD, IBD, Stroke and Rare Diseases	[59]
Botanix Pharmaceuticals	BTX1503	Gel	Transdermal	N/A	Phase 1b study completed, phase 2 study underway in moderate to severe acne	[60]
	BTX1308	Gel	Transdermal	N/A	Phase 1b study planned in Plaque psoriasis	[61]
	BTX1204	Gel	Transdermal	N/A	Phase 1b study—unknown status. Phase 2 study recruiting. Indication: atopic dermatitis	[62]
	BTX 1701	Facial cleanser utilising Permetrex™ skin delivery technology in conjunction with a novel oil clearing agent	Facial cleanser	N/A	Small clinical study performed in mild acne	[61]
Columbia Care	BeneCeed	200 mg CBD tablet	Oral	N/A	N/A	[63]
Diverse Biotech Inc.	BRCX014	Sublingual formulation	Sublingual	N/A	Two registered phase 1/2 trials in Cancer	[64]
Echo Pharmaceuticals	Arvisol	Lipophilic compound delivery technology Alitra®	Oral	Claims to improve bioavailability and steadier temporal profile	Preclinical – indicated for Rett Syndrome—Epilepsy, and Schziophrenia	[65]
Emerald Health Pharmaceuticals	EHP-101	Synthetic CBD designed to enhance the therapeutic benefits of CBD by being a dual PPARγ and CB2 agonist	Oral liquid	N/A	Phase 1 trial completed in healthy volunteers but no results published yet. Phase 2a trial registered but not yet recruiting for Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis	[66]
GW Pharmaceuticals	GWP42003	NA	i.v.	N/A	Phase 1 trial completed in NHIE	[67]
Kalytera	K-1052	CBD +(S)-2-amino-(1-iminoethylamino)-5-thioheptanoic acid (iNOS inhibitor) coupled pro-drug molecule	i.v.	N/A	In vivo efficacy studies in rodents completed in Sepsis-induced Acute Renal Failure and Traumatic Brain Injury	[68]
	KAL-1816	CBD conjugated with naproxen	Oral and i.v.	N/A	Patents filed in acute and chronic pain	[68]
	K-1022	Bi-sulphate derivative of CBD	Oral	Water soluble	In vivo efficacy studies performed in Ulcerative Colitis; currently ADME/PK analysis in rats, as well as non-clinical safety assessment of K-1022 in rats and dogs	[68]
	K-1012	Bi-phosphate derivative of CBD; novel aerosolised formulation	Intra-tracheally	Soluble in aqueous solution; expected to increase the bioavailability	In vivo efficacy studies carried out in rodents in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome	[68]
	K-1032	L-valine-ester derivative of CBD	Topical delivery	N/A	In vivo efficacy models in rodents conducted in chronic inflammatory skin diseases	[68]
Lexaria Bioscience Corp	TurboCBD	Capsules also containing American ginseng, ginkgo biloba, and organic hemp oil using DehydraTECH™ delivery technology	Oral	Increased circulating CBD levels compared to control CBD (+86% at 90 min)	On the market (over the counter)	[69,70]
Medexus Pharmaceuticals	CA2476833C	Complex of RM-β-, DM-β and TM-β cyclodextrin with CBD	N/A	Improve aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, absorption and bioavailability	N/A	[71]
Preveceutical	Sol-Gel	CBD gel	Intranasal	Expected to increase bioavailability	Pre-clinical evidence to suggest better distribution along the olfactory epithelia	[72]
PureForm Global	PureForm CBD	Molecularly identical, non-hemp-based CBD, developed using InterMolecular Stacking Technology	Liquid and powder	Expected to improve solubility and stability	N/A	[73]
Satipharm	Gelpell (PLT-101)	CBD in gelatine beads encapsulated in gastro-resistant capsules	Oral	30% higher bioavailability compared to oromucosal spray.	Phase 1 and phase 2 (efficacy in paediatric epilepsy) trials completed	[1,52]
Vireo Health LLC	US2019030170	CBD and a sulfoalkyl ether cyclodextrin	N/A	Increase water solubility	N/A	[74]
Zynerba Pharmaceuticals	ZygelTM ZYN002	Permeation-enhanced gel	Transdermal	N/A	Pre-clinical, phase 1 and phase 2 trials all underway in Fragile X syndrome and other rare neuro-psychiatric conditions	[75]