Table 2.
Respondents’ Knowledge and Perception of COVID-19, PHQ-9 level, and variable relationships by nationality and gender (n = 821) Mean ± S.D. n (%).
| Items | Korea | China | Japan | Total (N = 821) | χ2 (by) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (N = 162) | Female (N = 228) | Total (N = 390) | Male (N = 83) | Female (N = 198) | Total (N = 281) | Male (N = 60) | Female (N = 90) | Total (N = 150) | Nationality | Gender | ||
| Transmission routes | ||||||||||||
| Droplets (agree) | 153 (94.44) | 224 (98.25) | 377 (96.67) | 83 (100) | 197 (99.49) | 280 (99.64) | 59 (98.33) | 88 (97.78) | 147 (98.00) | 804 (97.93) | 7.145 * | 3.493 |
| Objects (agree) | 121 (74.69) | 178 (78.07) | 299 (76.67) | 76 (91.57) | 184 (92.93) | 260 (92.53) | 52 (86.67) | 76 (84.44) | 128 (85.33) | 687 (83.68) | 30.448 *** | 1.477 |
| Air (agree) | 71 (43.83) | 93 (40.79) | 164 (42.05) | 59 (71.08) | 128 (64.65) | 187 (66.55) | 17 (29.33) | 35 (38.89) | 52 (34.67) | 403 (49.09) | 54.487 *** | 0.514 |
| Updated information | ||||||||||||
| Infected case (yes) | 157 (96.91) | 222 (97.37) | 379 (97.18) | 83 (100) | 198 (100) | 271 (100) | 58 (96.67) | 89 (98.89) | 147 (98.00) | 807 (98.29) | 12.161 ** | 1.007 |
| Death case (yes) | 153 (94.44) | 219 (96.05) | 372 (95.38) | 81 (97.59) | 198 (100) | 279 (99.29) | 58 (96.67) | 87 (96.67) | 145 (96.67) | 796 (96.96) | 8.482 * | 2.425 |
| Recovered case (yes) | 135 (83.33) | 210 (92.11) | 345 (88.46) | 81 (97.59) | 196 (98.99) | 277 (98.58) | 40 (66.67) | 62 (68.89) | 102 (68.00) | 724 (88.19) | 87.810 *** | 8.416 ** |
| Number of information sources | ||||||||||||
| 1~3 | 161 (99.38) | 223 (97.81) | 384 (98.46) | 73 (87.95) | 193 (92.42) | 256 (91.10) | 57 (95.00) | 70 (77.78) | 127 (84.67) | 767 (93.42) | 37.291 *** | 3.119 |
| 4~6 | 1 (0.62) | 5 (2.19) | 6 (1.54) | 10 (12.05) | 15 (7.58) | 25 (8.90) | 3 (5.00) | 20 (22.22) | 23 (15.33) | 54 (6.58) | ||
| Contact history | 40.132 *** | 1.198 * | ||||||||||
| No | 135 (83.33) | 185 (81.14) | 320 (82.05) | 81 (97.59) | 192 (96.57) | 273 (97.15) | 54 (90.00) | 66 (73.33) | 120 (80) | 713 (86.84) | ||
| Yes/Suspected | 17 (16.66) | 43 (18.86) | 70 (17.95) | 2 (2.41) | 3 (2.92) | 8 (2.85) | 6 (10.00) | 14 (26.67) | 30 (20.00) | 108 (13.16) | ||
| Information satisfaction | 150.837 *** | 0.032 | ||||||||||
| Above satisfied | 115 (70.99) | 151 (66.23) | 266 (68.21) | 79 (95.18) | 191 (96.46) | 270 (96.09) | 30 (50.00) | 34 (37.78) | 64 (42.67) | 600 (73.08) | ||
| Below satisfied | 47 (29.01) | 77 (33.77) | 124 (31.79) | 4 (4.82) | 7 (3.54) | 11 (3.91) | 30 (50.00) | 56 (62.22) | 86 (57.33) | 221 (16.92) | ||
| Confidence in diagnosis | 31.733 *** | 0.059 | ||||||||||
| Highly confident | 138 (85.19) | 195 (85.53) | 333 (85.38) | 66 (79.52) | 151 (76.26) | 217 (77.22) | 37 (61.67) | 58 (64.44) | 95 (63.33) | 645 (78.56) | ||
| Lowly confident | 24 (14.81) | 33 (14.47) | 57 (14.62) | 17 (20.48) | 47 (23.74) | 64 (22.78) | 23 (38.33) | 32 (35.56) | 55 (36.67) | 176 (21.44) | ||
| Perceived probability | ||||||||||||
| Getting infected (high) | 48 (29.63) | 81 (35.53) | 129 (33.08) | 25 (30.12) | 31 (15.66) | 56 (19.93) | 43 (71.67) | 73 (81.11) | 116 (77.33) | 301 (36.66) | 142.894 *** | 0.392 |
| Surviving after infection (high) | 130 (80.25) | 190 (83.33) | 320 (82.05) | 72 (86.75) | 173 (87.37) | 245 (87.19) | 55 (91.67) | 74 (82.22) | 129 (86.00) | 694 (84.53) | 3.599 | 0.027 |
| Concerns about family members | 18.261 *** | 11.213 ** | ||||||||||
| High | 29 (17.90) | 26 (11.40) | 335 (85.90) | 62 (74.70) | 156 (78.79) | 218 (77.58) | 58 (96.67) | 81 (90.00) | 139 (92.67) | 692 (84.29) | ||
| Low | 133 (82.10) | 202 (88.60) | 55 (14.10) | 21 (25.30) | 42 (21.21) | 63 (22.42) | 2 (3.33) | 9 (10.00) | 11 (7.33) | 129 (15.71) | ||
| Concerns about the disease | 6.404 * | 10.630 * | ||||||||||
| High | 128 (79.01) | 206 (90.35) | 334 (85.64) | 70 (84.37) | 180 (90.91) | 250 (88.97) | 56 (93.33) | 84 (93.33) | 140 (93.33) | 724 (88.19) | ||
| Low | 34 (20.99) | 22 (9.65) | 56 (14.36) | 13 (15.66) | 18 (9.09) | 31 (11.03) | 4 (6.67) | 6 (6.67) | 10 (6.67) | 97 (11.81) | ||
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.