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. 2020 Sep 13;17(18):6671. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186671

Table 4.

Relationships between the level of depressive symptoms by nationality and gender.

Items Korea (N = 390) China (N = 281) Japan (N = 150) Total Main Effect (by)
Nationality Gender (M)
Sum scores 5.94 ± 5.44 (CI: 5.39–6.48) 6.40 ± 5.12 (CI: 5.79–7.00) 7.33 ± 6.20 (CI: 6.33–8.33) 6.35 ± 5.50 F a = 2.970 * T b = −2.091 *
0–4 (Non-depressed) M: 96 (59.26)
F:102 (44.74)
198 (50.77) M: 23 (27.71)
F: 88 (44.44)
111 (39.50) M: 24 (40.00)
F: 36 (40.00)
60 (40.00) 369 (44.95) χ2 = 25.849 *** χ2 = 10.630 *
5–9 (Mild) M: 41 (25.31)
F: 64 (28.07)
105 (26.92) M: 39 (46.99)
F: 73 (36.87)
112 (39.86) M: 18 (30.00)
F: 23 (25.56)
41 (27.33) 258 (31.43)
10–14 (Moderate) M: 19 (11.73)
F: 34 (14.91)
53 (13.59) M: 16 (19.28)
F: 23 (11.62)
39 (13.88) M: 13 (21.67)
F: 12 (13.33)
25 (16.67) 117 (14.25)
15–19 (Moderately severe) M: 3 (1.85)
F: 22 (9.65)
25 (6.41) M: 4 (4.82)
F: 10 (5.05)
14 (4.98) M: 3 (5.00)
F: 13 (14.44)
16 (10.67) 55 6.69)
20–27 (Severe) M: 3 (1.85)
F: 6 (2.63)
9 (2.31) M: 1 (1.20)
F: 4 (2.02)
5 (1.78) M: 3 (3.33)
F: 6 (6.67)
8 (5.33) 22 2.68)

Note: a: Welch test; b: t-test; χ2: Chi-square test. Mean ± S.D. n (%), * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.