Table 4.
Relationships between the level of depressive symptoms by nationality and gender.
| Items | Korea (N = 390) | China (N = 281) | Japan (N = 150) | Total | Main Effect (by) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nationality | Gender (M) | ||||||||
| Sum scores | 5.94 ± 5.44 (CI: 5.39–6.48) | 6.40 ± 5.12 (CI: 5.79–7.00) | 7.33 ± 6.20 (CI: 6.33–8.33) | 6.35 ± 5.50 | F a = 2.970 * | T b = −2.091 * | |||
| 0–4 (Non-depressed) | M: 96 (59.26) F:102 (44.74) |
198 (50.77) | M: 23 (27.71) F: 88 (44.44) |
111 (39.50) | M: 24 (40.00) F: 36 (40.00) |
60 (40.00) | 369 (44.95) | χ2 = 25.849 *** | χ2 = 10.630 * |
| 5–9 (Mild) | M: 41 (25.31) F: 64 (28.07) |
105 (26.92) | M: 39 (46.99) F: 73 (36.87) |
112 (39.86) | M: 18 (30.00) F: 23 (25.56) |
41 (27.33) | 258 (31.43) | ||
| 10–14 (Moderate) | M: 19 (11.73) F: 34 (14.91) |
53 (13.59) | M: 16 (19.28) F: 23 (11.62) |
39 (13.88) | M: 13 (21.67) F: 12 (13.33) |
25 (16.67) | 117 (14.25) | ||
| 15–19 (Moderately severe) | M: 3 (1.85) F: 22 (9.65) |
25 (6.41) | M: 4 (4.82) F: 10 (5.05) |
14 (4.98) | M: 3 (5.00) F: 13 (14.44) |
16 (10.67) | 55 6.69) | ||
| 20–27 (Severe) | M: 3 (1.85) F: 6 (2.63) |
9 (2.31) | M: 1 (1.20) F: 4 (2.02) |
5 (1.78) | M: 3 (3.33) F: 6 (6.67) |
8 (5.33) | 22 2.68) | ||
Note: a: Welch test; b: t-test; χ2: Chi-square test. Mean ± S.D. n (%), * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.