Table 7.
Multiple findings toward metabolomics effects in plants due to carbon-based nanomaterials treatment.
| NPs | Plant type | Nanoparticle characteristics | Experiential conditions | Effects | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MWCNTs | Rose periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) |
Young’s modulus: 1200, tensile strength: 150, density 2.6 g∙cm−3, thermal conductivity: 3000 W∙m−1∙k−1, electron conductivity: 10−5-10−7 S∙m−1. | Seeds are grown in MS medium at 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg∙L−1 | Increase in plant growth, biomass, root length, a slight increase in chlorophyll and carotenoids, increase in proteins, CAT, and POX enzymes. | [246] |
| MWCNTs | Satureja khuzestanica | Diameter of 15 nm and 50 μm. | Callus culture 0, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg∙mL−1 | Enhanced flavonoids and phenols content in callus culture at 100 and 250 μg∙mL−1. | [247] |
| MWCNTs | Thymus daenensis | 50 μm length, 233 m2∙g−1 surface area, 100 s∙cm−1 electrical conductivity, 3000 W∙m∙k−1. | MS media, 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 μg∙mL−1 | Increased seedling biomass and height, highest total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity achieved with 250 μg∙mL−1. | [248] |
| GO | Gala apple (Malus domestica) |
Particle diameter: 50–200 nm, thickness: 0.8–1.2 nm. | 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg∙L−1 (40 days’ treatment) | Inhibition of lateral roots (0.1–10 mg∙L−1), GO increases CAT, POD, and SOD activities, 0.1 mg∙L−1 increases auxin efflux carrier and auxin influx genes transcription. | [249] |
| Single-bilayer GO | Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) |
Size: 0.5–5 μm | 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg∙L−1 | Decrease in growth, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity, increase in electrolyte leakage. | [250] |
| Carbon nano-horns | Arabidopsis thaliana | Pipe diameter: 2–5, pipe length: 10–20 nm | 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg∙L−1 | Single-wall carbon nano-horns altered sugar and amino acid content at 0.1 mg∙L−1 and increased secondary metabolites such as nicotinamide, purines, and flavones. | [251] |
| GO | Rice | Sheet thickness 1.12 nm, lateral length 0.5–2 μm | 0.01–1.0 mg∙L−1 | Upregulation of phenylalanine, secondary metabolism, inhibition of aquaporins. | [252] |