Table 6.
Microbial populations in rumen fluids from rice straw fermented with Crabtree-negative and -positive yeasts from in vitro incubation.
| Yeasts | Fermentation Days | Bacteria (cell/mL) | Protozoa (cell/mL) | Fungi Zoospore (cell/mL) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 h | 8 h | Mean | 4 h | 8 h | Mean | 4 h | 8 h | Mean | ||
| Control | 7 | 7.32 | 7.34 d | 7.33 e | 5.86 | 6.09 | 5.97 | 5.80 | 6.06 | 5.93 |
| 14 | 7.09 | 7.38 d | 7.23 ef | 5.80 | 6.29 | 6.05 | 5.86 | 6.16 | 6.01 | |
| 21 | 6.87 | 7.35 d | 7.11 f | 5.70 | 6.06 | 5.88 | 5.90 | 5.96 | 5.93 | |
| P. kudriavzevii KKU20 | 7 | 8.16 | 8.29 a | 8.22 a | 5.80 | 6.06 | 5.93 | 6.50 | 6.84 | 6.67 |
| 14 | 8.12 | 8.27 a | 8.19 a | 5.58 | 5.73 | 5.66 | 6.36 | 6.72 | 6.54 | |
| 21 | 7.93 | 8.22 a | 8.08 ab | 5.63 | 6.16 | 5.90 | 6.30 | 6.84 | 6.57 | |
| C. tropicalis KKU20 | 7 | 8.08 | 8.24 a | 8.16 ab | 5.83 | 6.00 | 5.92 | 6.56 | 6.88 | 6.72 |
| 14 | 8.00 | 8.26 a | 8.13 ab | 5.70 | 6.09 | 5.90 | 6.52 | 6.71 | 6.61 | |
| 21 | 7.80 | 8.12 a | 7.95 bc | 5.80 | 5.60 | 5.70 | 6.40 | 6.54 | 6.47 | |
| S. cerevisiae | 7 | 8.13 | 8.28 a | 8.21 a | 5.90 | 5.60 | 5.75 | 6.46 | 6.49 | 6.48 |
| 14 | 7.76 | 7.89 b | 7.82 c | 5.60 | 5.57 | 5.58 | 6.50 | 6.60 | 6.55 | |
| 21 | 7.43 | 7.61 c | 7.52 d | 5.33 | 5.37 | 5.35 | 6.47 | 6.41 | 6.44 | |
| SEM | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.10 | |
| Comparison | ||||||||||
| Yeast | Control | 7.09 c | 7.36 | 7.23 | 5.79 | 6.15 a | 5.97 | 5.85 b | 6.06 c | 5.96 b |
| P. kudriavzevii KKU20 | 8.07 a | 8.26 | 8.17 | 5.67 | 5.98 a | 5.83 | 6.38 a | 6.79 a | 6.59 a | |
| C. tropicalis KKU20 | 7.96 ab | 8.21 | 8.08 | 5.78 | 5.89 a | 5.84 | 6.49 a | 6.70 a | 6.60 a | |
| S. cerevisiae | 7.77 b | 7.93 | 7.85 | 5.61 | 5.51 b | 5.56 | 6.47 a | 6.50 b | 6.49 a | |
| Day | 7 | 7.92 a | 8.04 | 7.98 | 5.85 | 5.94 | 5.89 | 6.33 | 6.57 | 6.45 |
| 14 | 7.74 a | 7.95 | 7.85 | 5.67 | 5.92 | 5.80 | 6.31 | 6.55 | 6.43 | |
| 21 | 7.50 b | 7.83 | 7.67 | 5.62 | 5.80 | 5.71 | 6.27 | 6.44 | 6.35 | |
| Interaction | Yeast × Day | ns | ** | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Orthogonal contrast | ||||||||||
| Contrast 1 | Control | 7.09 b | 7.16 b | 7.23 b | 5.79 | 6.15 a | 5.97 a | 5.85 b | 6.06 b | 5.96 b |
| Yeast | 7.93 a | 7.93 a | 8.03 a | 5.69 | 5.79 b | 5.74 b | 6.45 a | 6.67 a | 6.56 a | |
| Contrast 2 | Yeast (−) | 8.01 a | 8.03 a | 8.12 a | 5.72 | 5.94 a | 5.83 a | 6.44 | 6.75 a | 6.60 |
| Yeast (+) | 7.77 b | 7.73 b | 7.85 b | 5.61 | 5.51 b | 5.56 b | 6.47 | 6.50b | 6.49 | |
SEM: standard error of mean; ns: non-significant among treatments; a,b,c,d,e,f Means in the same row with different superscripts differ (p < 0.01, p < 0.05); ** indicates significant differences at p < 0.01.