Table 1.
Potential damage in the seminal parameters caused by STDs
| AUTOR | POTENTIAL DAMAGE IN THE SEMINAL PARAMETERS | |
|---|---|---|
| HIV | Hanson BM, Dorais JA (2017), van Zyl C, Visser MJ (2015) | No statistical difference was found. |
| Frapsauce C et al. (2015) | Sperm motility was the only semen parameter that varied significantly according to treatment status. | |
| Wang D et al. (2014) | Sperm vitality, sperm mobility (a + b), total sperm mobility and penetration rates were higher in patients with CD4 + > 350 / µl | |
| Rusz A et al. (2012) | Ejaculate volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration or normal sperm morphology was significantly correlated with the number of CD4+ blood cells | |
| La Vignera S et al. (2011) | All men with AIDS had abnormal leukocytosemia and sperm, and HIV-positive men had a significantly higher percentage of sperm with cytoplasmic droplets, immature germ cells and sperm cells. | |
| Ochsendorf FR (2008) | Semen parameters were within normal range in HIV-positive men without symptoms, normal sperm morphology was impaired with disease progression. In patients with AIDS, abnormal sperm and leukocytpermia have been reported. | |
| Waters L et al (2007) | In men with advanced HIV infection, low testosterone levels are common. HIV is also associated with reduced semen volume and motility. | |
| Bujan L et al. (2007) | Demonstrate changes in sperm motility and ejaculate volume in HIV-1 infected patients, most of whom were receiving antiretroviral therapy. | |
| Umapathy E (2005) | Impaired sperm motility in HIV+ men may be mediated by activated seminal leukocytes, which may induce oxidative stress on sperm. Leukocytospermia may be a reliable indicator of HIV+ | |
| Fode M et al. (2016) | The authors concluded HIV+ men with low CD4 + cell counts or severe symptoms described reductions in semen quality | |
| HPV | Lyu et al. (2017) | Suggests the presence of the virus in two regions of the equatorial end of the spermatozoa head, may cause damage to semen quality. |
| Damke et al. (2017) | Hypospermia, altered viscosity, high pH and a high number of leukocytes. | |
| Cortés-Gutiérrez et al. (2016) | Ddespite the high infection rate among infertile men, there is no increase in DNA fragmentation spermatozoa. | |
| Luttmer et al. (2016), Golob et al. (2014) | No significant change was found. | |
| Gizzo et al. (2014) | In vitro evidences showed that HPV infected spermatozoa maintains the ability to fertilize oocytes and to express viral genome in the product of conception. | |
| Yang et al. (2013) | A loss in motility, vitality and morphology was observed among infected patients. | |
| Garolla et al. (2013) | Decrease in progressive sperm motility and a higher rate of ASA on the sperm surface | |
| Garolla et al. (2012) | The virus is present in the head, but is not bound to the acrosome, suggesting that HPV infects spermatozoa by primary binding with syndecan-1 | |
| CT | Sonnenberg et al. (2013) | Decreased motility, increased non-viable forms of spermatozoa and increased lipid peroxidation of cell membranes due to elevated IgA levels and DNA fragmentation. |
| Ahmadi MH et al (2018) | Concentration (milions/ml), total count, progressive motility A, progressive motility B, total progressive motility (A + B + C) and morphology. | |
| Joki-Korpela (2009), Bezold et al. (2007), Eley et al. (2005), | Bacterial infection may promote deterioration of semen parameters. | |
| Gallegos (2008) | DNA fragmentation. | |
| Gunyeli et al. (2011), Hosseinzadeh (2004) | Does not change seminal parameters |