Table 5.
Functional Response | Model | Molecules/Mechanisms Involved in Targeted Pathways | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Anti-inflammatory
Antioxidant |
Murine raw 264.7 cell line | TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 | [119] |
Human chondrocytes | NF-kB, NO, iNOS, p38, JNK | [70] | |
Human lens epithelial cells | ROS, CASP, MAPK, Bcl-2/Bax | [120] | |
Human neuroblastoma cells | LC3, clonogenic capacity | [121] | |
Fruit fly | NO | [84] | |
BALB/c mice | NO | [122] | |
BALB/c mice | Catalase, peroxidase | [123] | |
BALB/c mice | IL-5, IL-13, MCP-1, TGF-β | [124] | |
BALB/c mice | NF-kB, p38, JNK, ERK | [125] | |
Wistar rats | NF-kB, COX-2, iNOS | [126] | |
Swiss mice | IL-1β | [127] | |
Sprague–Dawley rats | COX2, ERK, iNOS, MMP-2, MMP-9, PGE, TGF-β | [128] | |
BALB/c mice | Apoptosis-related genes | [129] | |
Swiss mice | Oxidative stress | [130] | |
Anxiolytic
Antidepressant Sedative |
ICR mice | Elevated plus maze test | [90] |
Mice | Sleeping time | [88] | |
Swiss mice | MBT assay, anxiolytic effect | [131] | |
Rats | Locomotion, dopamine level | [132] | |
Rats | Immobility in forced swim test | [133] | |
CUMS mice | Body weight, sucrose preference, mobility | [134] | |
Mus musculus albino mice | Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) test | [135] | |
Analgesic | Swiss mice | Induced nociception | [136] |
ICR mice | Writhing test | [90] | |
Rats | Mechanical hyperalgesia | [133] | |
Swiss mice | Writhing test | [127] | |
Swiss mice | Mechanical hyperalgesia, IL-1β, TNF-α | [137] |
Abbreviations: CASP, caspase; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; ICR, imprinted control region; IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible NO synthase; JNK, c-jun N-terminal kinase; LC3, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MBT, marble burying test; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; NF-kB, nuclear factor-B; NO, nitric oxide; p38, protein 38; PGE, prostaglandin E; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TGF, tumor growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.