Table 2.
AgNPs with reported activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
| AgNPs Size | AgNPs Shape | Synthesis Process | Highlights | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5–9 nm | Spherical | Conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) | Activity against several drug-sensitive MTb (strain H37Rv) and clinical isolates of MTb | [64] |
| 6–45 nm | Spherical | Capped with poly-n-vinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) | Activity against several drug-sensitive MTb (strain H37Rv) and clinical isolates of MTb | [64] |
| 10–20 nm | Spherical | Biological synthesis from extracts of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). | Activity against several drug-sensitive MTb (MIC = 7.8–12.5 µg/mL), MDR strains (MIC = 12.5 µg/mL), a XDR strain (MIC = 15.6 µg/mL), and NTM strains (MIC = 25 µg/mL) | [71] |
| NR | NR | Biologically synthesized from leaves of Psidium guajava L. | Activity against an avirulent MTb | [57] |
| ≈70 nm | Spherical with agglomeration | Chemically synthesized | Bactericidal effect against MTb, only observed when complemented with 2% chloroform | [41] |
| >200 nm | Spherical and cubic | Biological synthesis from aqueous extracts of fresh Moringa oleifera leaves and Allium cepa bulbs | Activity against MTb strains (H37Ra, a wild type drug-sensitive, and a MDR strain) | [72] |
| 1–5 nm | Spherical-oval | Chemically synthesized | In vitro activity against active MTb (strain H37Ra, MIC = 1.31 µg/mL) and dormant (MIC = 2.04 µg/mL), as well as ex vivo (in THP-1 cells) active MTb (MIC = 1.97 µg/mL) and dormant MTb (MIC = 2.18 µg/mL) | [56] |
| 8–12 nm | Spherical | Biologically synthesized from Acinetobacter sp. | In vitro activity against active and dormant MTb (strain H37Ra), as well as ex vivo (in THP-1 cells) MTb (MIC > 2.56 µg/mL for all conditions tested) | [56] |
| 20–110 nm | Spherical | Commercial AgNPs with surface modifications (citrate or poly-n-vinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) coated) |
Ex vivo (in human monocyte-derived macrophages) activity against MTb (strain H37Ra) Suppression of MTb-induced expression of IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α mRNA |
[73] |
| 38–52 nm | Spherical | Biologically synthesized from flowers of Catharanthus roseus L (apocyanaceae) | Activity against MTb, with 57% of growth inhibition | [70] |
| 50–200 nm | Spherical and polygonal | Biologically synthesized from fruits of Coriandrum sativum |
Activity against MTb (strain H37Rv, MIC = 1.56 μg/mL) | [74] |
| 15–45 nm | Spherical and with face centerd cubic geometry | Biologically synthesized from leaf extract of Plumbago auriculata | In vitro activity against MTb (MIC = 1.6 μg/mL) | [75] |
| 20–56 nm | Spherical | Biologically synthesized from flower extracts of Sesbania grandiflora | In vitro activity against MTb (strain H37Rv, MIC = 12 µg/mL) | [76] |
| 32–50 nm | Quasi-spherical | Biologically synthesized from leaves of Leucaena leucocephala L. | Monodispersed with activity against obtained for MTb (strain H37Rv, MIC = 125 μg/mL). | [77] |
| 10–70 nm | Spherical and polyhedral | Biologically synthesized from Pseudomonas hibiscicola | Polydispersed, with activity against MTb (strain H37Rv) and a clinical MDR MTb strain (MIC = 1.25 mg/mL for both strains) | [78] |
| ≈50 nm | Tetrahedral | Chemically synthesized | Activity against MTb (MIC = 1 µg/mL), clinical isolates of MTb (MIC = 1–16 µg/mL), and a MDR MTb strain (MIC = 16 µg/mL) | [26] |
| 2.8–8 nm | Spherical | Chemically synthesized | Activity against XDR MTb and MTb (strain H37Rv) (MIC = 1 μg/mL for both strains), and against a MDR-MTb strain (MIC = 4 μg/mL) | [19] |
| 11–17.5 nm | Spherical | Chemically synthesized as nanocomposites of chitosan | Activity against MTb (strain H37Ra, MIC = 1.95 µg/mL) | [27] |
MDR, multidrug resistant; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; MTb, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; NPs, nanoparticles; NR, not reported; NTM, Non-tuberculous mycobacteria; Ref., reference; XDR, extensively drug resistant.