. 2020 Sep 13;17(18):6669. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186669

Table 1.

The hip peak joint angle and range of motion (ROM) of the joint angle during the landing phase between forward landing and backward landing.

				Forward Landing	Backward Landing	p
Hip	SP	MAX	SL	41.1 ± 5.2 *	45.0 ± 6.0 *	0.042
		MAX	DL	56.7 ± 12.3	58.3 ± 14.9	0.686
		MIN	SL	17.7 ± 6.4 *	9.9 ± 5.5 *	0.001
		MIN	DL	24.4 ± 9.1 *	15.8 ± 6.6 *	0.001
		ROM	SL	23.4 ± 4.8 *	35.1 ± 6.5 *	0.001
		ROM	DL	32.3 ± 7.3 *	42.5 ± 11.2 *	0.001
	FP	MAX	SL	10.5 ± 3.0	10.8 ± 3.9	0.839
		MAX	DL	0.2 ± 3.8	0.5 ± 6.3	0.740
		MIN	SL	−10.0 ± 2.3	−10.7 ± 2.3	0.406
		MIN	DL	−5.5 ± 2.1	−6.1 ± 2.0	0.173
		ROM	SL	20.5 ± 2.9	21.2 ± 5.11	0.527
		ROM	DL	5.6 ± 4.0	6.6 ± 5.4	0.583
Knee	SP	MAX	SL	−14.7 ± 4.7	−16.5 ± 4.4	0.192
		MAX	DL	−26.7 ± 5.8 *	−21.9 ± 5.3 *	0.006
		MIN	SL	−74.8 ± 11.2	−69.6 ± 7.7	0.074
		MIN	DL	−101.4 ± 13.8 *	−88.1 ± 12.8 *	0.001
		ROM	SL	60.0 ± 9.00 *	53.1 ± 7.1 *	0.005
		ROM	DL	74.7 ± 9.4 *	66.2 ± 11.3 *	0.008
	FP	MAX	SL	15.4 ± 6.0	12.0 ± 3.5	0.109
		MAX	DL	18.4 ± 5.8	14.0 ± 5.3	0.063
		MIN	SL	3.2 ± 2.1	2.8 ± 0.9	0.557
		MIN	DL	6.1 ± 2.4 *	3.7 ± 0.9 *	0.006
		ROM	SL	12.2 ± 4.3	9.2 ± 3.0	0.06
		ROM	DL	12.4 ± 3.8	10.3 ± 4.8	0.252
Ankle	SP	MAX	SL	24.3 ± 5.9 *	28.4 ± 4.5 *	0.019
		MAX	DL	29.1 ± 5.1	31.3 ± 4.8	0.161
		MIN	SL	−26.1 ± 3.5	−25.7 ± 4.4	0.747
		MIN	DL	−20.1 ± 3.7	−21.4 ± 4.7	0.337
		ROM	SL	50.9 ± 4.2	54.1 ± 7.0	0.053
		ROM	DL	49.1 ± 6.8	52.7 ± 7.4	0.123
	FP	MAX	SL	7.1 ± 3.3	7.1 ± 2.5	0.968
		MAX	DL	6.0 ± 2.4	6.6 ± 2.2	0.593
		MIN	SL	−15.3 ± 3.2	−15.4 ± 5.1	0.967
		MIN	DL	−10.8 ± 2.5	−10.7 ± 2.1	0.915
		ROM	SL	22.4 ± 4.5	22.4 ± 5.0	0.990
		ROM	DL	16.9 ± 1.6	17.3 ± 2.2	0.613

Note: SP: sagittal plane, FP: frontal plane, MAX: maximal, MIN: minimum, ROM: range of motion of joint angle, SL: single leg, DL: double leg. * Refers to significance with p < 0.05.