Table 3.

HL-SDH by socioeconomic position and work environment among workers. (N = 660).

Variables	Characteristics	Categories	N (%)	HL-SDH
				M	t or F (p)
Socioeconomic position	Social stratum group †	Class I	92 (13.9)	2.47 ± 0.40	1.34 (0.259)
		Class II	427 (64.7)	2.50 ± 0.43
		Class III	45 (6.8)	2.43 ± 0.45
		Class IV	96 (14.6)	2.42 ± 0.39
	Gender	Male	330 (50.0)	2.49 ± 0.45	0.35 (0.724)
		Female	330 (50.0)	2.47 ± 0.40
	Education level	<High school	8 (1.2)	2.31 ± 0.46	−1.16 (0.245)
		≥High school	652 (98.8)	2.48 ± 0.42
	Job category ‡	Office Job	427 (64.7)	2.49 ± 0.43	0.65 (0.523)
		Blue Collar Job	188 (28.5)	2.46 ± 0.41
		Freelancer	45 (6.8)	2.43 ± 0.45
	Annual income (million KRW)	<20	121 (18.3)	2.46 ± 0.41	3.58 (0.014) b < a
		20–<30	171 (25.9)	2.47 ± 0.43
		30–<40 a	135 (20.5)	2.58 ± 0.44
		≥40 b	233 (35.3)	2.44 ± 0.41
Work environment	Years of employment	<10	351 (53.2)	2.49 ± 0.43	0.11 (0.898)
		10–<20	166 (25.1)	2.47 ± 0.45
		≥20	143 (21.7)	2.48 ± 0.40
	Job class	Staff	279 (42.3)	2.50 ± 0.43	1.02 (0.309)
		≥Manager	381 (57.7)	2.47 ± 0.42
	Employment status	Permanent	460 (69.7)	2.47 ± 0.43	−0.84 (0.401)
		Temporary	200 (30.3)	2.50 ± 0.41
	Full time or part time	Full time	544 (82.4)	2.47 ± 0.42	−1.48 (0.140)
		Part time	116 (17.6)	2.53 ± 0.44
	Shift duty	Yes	89 (13.5)	2.51 ± 0.45	0.77 (0.443)
		No	571 (86.5)	2.48 ± 0.42
	Work in weekends	Yes	203 (30.8)	2.47 ± 0.42	−0.26 (0.796)
		No	457 (69.2)	2.48 ± 0.43
	Working time (week)	≤40	231 (35.0)	2.50 ± 0.39	0.67 (0.501)
		>40	429 (65.0)	2.47 ± 0.44
	Worksite size	<50 c	412 (62.4)	2.46 ± 0.42	2.68 (0.046) c < d
		50–<100	83 (12.6)	2.46 ± 0.40
		100–<300 d	71 (10.8)	2.60 ± 0.47
		≥300	94 (14.2)	2.51 ± 0.43

M = mean; SD = standard deviation. ^† Social stratum group. Class I (upper- or upper–middle-class): specialty professional and operation/management; class II (new middle-class): government official, teacher/lecturer, office worker, and production/skills/labor; class III (old middle-class): the self-employed among service or sales workers, skills workers, and machine operators; class IV (labor class): “service/sales” which includes regular, temporary, or daily workers. ^‡ Job category. Office Job: (1) specialty professional (e.g., professor, physician, or lawyer), (2) government official, (3) teacher/lecturer, (4) operation/management (e.g., corporate executive or higher), (5) office worker (e.g., corporate director or below). Blue collar job: (1) service/sales (e.g., airline worker, hotel worker, call center worker, banker, or beautician), (2) production/skills/labor (e.g., repair worker, driver, or engineer) ·Freelancer: freelancer (e.g., artist).^a: 30–<40, ^b: ≥40, ^c: <50, ^d: 100–<300. The HL-SDH was significantly higher for the “a” income group than for those earning less than “b”; The HL-SDH was shown to be significantly lower for workplaces with fewer than “c” than those with “d”.