Figure 11.

Schematic illustration of the transfection mechanism. After the endosomal escape of the vehicles, the cargo (usually DNA) is released into the cytoplasm. The cargo interacts with the nuclear pore complex (NPC), where importin proteins activate to mediate nuclear internalization (1). Inside the nucleus, internalized molecules interact with nuclear structures (2). Subsequently, the remaining molecules bind to RanG proteins (3) for their recycling (4) and release into the cytoplasm (5). (Created with BioRender.com).