Table 1.
The interactions between viral factors and cellular targets via NF-κB pathway
| Virus | Viral Factor | Cellular Target | Mechanism/Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| LMP-1 | ID1 | Induction of ID1 suppresses p16INK4a and promotes cell-cycle progression | |
| GLUT-1 | Elevates glucose uptake and facilitates tumor growth | ||
| hTERT | Activates telomerase and leads to cell immortalization | ||
| DNMT3 | Stimulation of DNMT3 downregulates PTEN resulting in Proliferation, invasion, transformation and metastasis | ||
| miR-146a | Modulates interferon response | ||
| HIF-1α | Mediates for survival and progression of tumor cells | ||
| EBV | Bmi-1 | Derives proliferation and cell survival | |
| PD-L1 | Leads to malignant cell escape | ||
| BRAF-1 | Cyclin D1 | Elevation of Cyclin D1 represses p21WAF1 mediating proliferation and progression of malignant cells | |
| miR-146a | Activation of miR-146a inhibits SMAD4 inducing cell proliferation and tumor progression | ||
| vFLIP | IMI | Regulates Innate immunity and facilitates KSHV latency | |
| EZH2 | Positive regulation of EZH2 increases ephrin-B2 and induce Angiogenesis | ||
| miR-146a | Enhancement of miR-146a decrease CXCR4 mRNA, facilitating progenitor release of virally infected endothelial cells | ||
| KSHV | vGPCR | IL-8, Gro1, IκB, COX-2, cIAP2, and Bcl2 | Causes anti-apoptotic response, tumor-associated angiogenesis, cell survival, invasion and inflammation |
| miR-K12–1 | STAT3/IL-6 | Results in tumor promotion |