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Skin penetration of quinidine gel (QND) (Panel A,B) and erythromycin cream (ERY) (Panel C,D) across the freshly prepared, excised, young rat abdominal skin on the microfluidic chip. Concentration-time profiles (Panel A,C) and AUC values (Panel B,D) are shown as means +/− SE, n = 3–5. Statistical analysis was performed by Student t-test (2,2) * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
