Table 3.
Associated factors of health-related quality of life via bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses (N = 160).
| Variables | HRQOL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate | Multivariate | |||
| B (95%CI) | p | B (95%CI) | p | |
| Characteristics | ||||
| Age, year | ||||
| 19–59 | ||||
| 60–83 | −8.25 (−15.68, −0.83) | 0.030 | −5.89 (−12.83, 1.05) | 0.096 |
| Gender | ||||
| Women | ||||
| Men | −2.48 (−9.56, 4.60) | 0.491 | −1.80 (−8.42, 4.83) | 0.593 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | ||||
| Ever married | −2.99 (−12.44, 6.45) | 0.532 | ||
| Education | ||||
| Illiterate or elementary | ||||
| Junior high school | 7.54 (−0.81, 15.90) | 0.076 | ||
| Senior high school or above | 7.26 (−1.02, 15.53) | 0.085 | ||
| Residence area | ||||
| Rural | ||||
| Urban | 8.08 (0.82, 15.33) | 0.029 | 9.08 (2.30, 15.85) | 0.009 |
| Occupation | ||||
| No job | ||||
| Having job | 4.73 (−3.16, 12.63) | 0.238 | ||
| Income * | ||||
| Below poverty | ||||
| Above poverty | −2.91 (−10.76, 4.94) | 0.466 | ||
| Clinical parameters | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| BMI < 24.0 | ||||
| BMI ≥ 24.0 | 6.85 (−4.87, 18.58) | 0.250 | ||
| WC **, cm | ||||
| Normal | ||||
| Obese | 6.02 (−1.92, 13.96) | 0.136 | ||
| HD vintage, year | ||||
| <5 | ||||
| ≥5 | −1.60 (−8.60, 5.40) | 0.652 | ||
| Comorbidity | ||||
| None | ||||
| One or more | −15.95 (−23.21, −8.68) | <0.001 | −14.20 (−21.43, −6.97) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | ||||
| SBP < 140 | ||||
| SBP ≥ 140 | 8.94 (−3.12, 21.01) | 0.145 | ||
| DBP, mmHg | ||||
| DBP < 90 | ||||
| DBP ≥ 90 | 0.29 (−6.94, 7.52) | 0.937 | ||
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Hgb, g/dL | ||||
| Hgb ≥ 11.0 | ||||
| Hgb < 11.0 | 7.80 (−1.43, 17.02) | 0.097 | ||
| Alb, mg/dL | ||||
| Alb ≥ 3.5 | ||||
| Alb < 3.5 | −11.77 (−19.29, −4.25) | 0.002 | −9.31 (−16.58, −2.04) | 0.012 |
| Cre, mg/dL | ||||
| Cre ≥ 7.5 | ||||
| Cre < 7.5 | −18.22 (−27.23, −9.21) | <0.001 | ||
| Pre-BUN, mg/dL | ||||
| Pre-BUN < 20 | ||||
| Pre-BUN ≥ 20 | 7.50 (−1.00, 16.00) | 0.083 | ||
| RBC, 106/μL | −0.34 (−6.98, 6.30) | 0.919 | ||
| Hct, % | −0.20 (−0.98, 0.58) | 0.613 | ||
| WBC, 103/µL | −1.01 (−2.85, 0.82) | 0.277 | ||
| TP, mg/dL | −1.19 (−7.14, 4.76) | 0.694 | ||
| Adjusted R square | 0.170 | |||
Abbreviations: HRQOL, health-related quality of life; B, regression coefficient; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HD, hemodialysis; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Hgb, hemoglobin; Alb, albumin; Cre, creatinine; pre-BUN, pre-dialysis blood urea nitrogen; RBC, red blood cells; Hct, hematocrit; WBC, white blood cells; TP, total protein. *: Monthly income was classified into below the poverty line (<VND 1.0 million/month for rural areas, <VND 1.3 million/month for urban areas), and above the poverty line (≥VND 1.0 million/month for rural areas, ≥VND 1.3 million/month for urban areas). **: Abdominal obesity was defined as WC ≥ 90 for men or ≥80 for women, respectively.