Table 4.
Associated factors of kidney disease quality of life via bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses (N = 160).
| Variables | KDQOL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate | Multivariate | |||
| B (95% CI) | p | B (95% CI) | p | |
| Characteristics | ||||
| Age, year | ||||
| 19–59 | ||||
| 60–83 | −7.13 (−11.46, −2.80) | 0.001 | −3.66 (−8.08, 0.77) | 0.104 |
| Gender | ||||
| Women | ||||
| Men | −0.41 (−4.62, 3.80) | 0.847 | −0.25 (−4.25, 3.76) | 0.904 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | ||||
| Ever married | −4.32 (−9.89, 1.25) | 0.127 | ||
| Education | ||||
| Illiterate or elementary | ||||
| Junior high school | 7.12 (2.35, 11.89) | 0.004 | 5.38 (0.43, 10.34) | 0.033 |
| Senior high school or above | 9.49 (4.76, 14.21) | < 0.001 | 6.29 (1.28, 11.30) | 0.014 |
| Residence area | ||||
| Rural | ||||
| Urban | 4.67 (0.36, 8.99) | 0.034 | 4.02 (−0.08, 8.11) | 0.055 |
| Occupation | ||||
| No job | ||||
| Having job | 5.39 (0.76, 10.02) | 0.023 | 1.96 (−2.59, 6.51) | 0.396 |
| Income * | ||||
| Below poverty | ||||
| Above poverty | −0.59 (−5.25, 4.08) | 0.805 | ||
| Clinical parameters | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| BMI < 24.0 | ||||
| BMI ≥ 24.0 | 4.93 (−2.01, 11.88) | 0.163 | ||
| WC **, cm | ||||
| Normal | ||||
| Obese | 3.90 (−0.8, 8.61) | 0.103 | ||
| HD vintage, year | ||||
| <5 | ||||
| ≥5 | 0.22 (−3.94, 4.37) | 0.919 | ||
| Comorbidity | ||||
| None | ||||
| One or more | −7.12 (−11.54, −2.69) | 0.002 | −6.17 (−10.49, −1.85) | 0.005 |
| SBP, mmHg | ||||
| SBP < 140 | ||||
| SBP ≥ 140 | 4.92 (−2.25, 12.09) | 0.177 | ||
| DBP, mmHg | ||||
| DBP < 90 | ||||
| DBP ≥ 90 | 1.27 (−3.02, 5.55) | 0.560 | ||
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Hgb, g/dL | ||||
| Hgb ≥ 11.0 | ||||
| Hgb < 11.0 | 5.88 (0.43, 11.32) | 0.035 | 4.23 (−0.98, 9.43) | 0.111 |
| Alb, mg/dL | ||||
| Alb ≥ 3.5 | ||||
| Alb < 3.5 | −5.88 (−10.38, −1.38) | 0.011 | −3.17 (−7.55, 1.21) | 0.155 |
| Cre, mg/dL | ||||
| Cre ≥ 7.5 | ||||
| Cre < 7.5 | −10.48 (−15.84, −5.11) | < 0.001 | ||
| Pre-BUN, mg/dL | ||||
| Pre-BUN < 20 | ||||
| Pre-BUN ≥ 20 | 3.73 (−1.33, 8.79) | 0.147 | ||
| RBC, 106/μL | −1.22 (−5.15, 2.72) | 0.543 | ||
| Hct, % | −0.15 (−0.61, 0.31) | 0.519 | ||
| WBC, 103/µL | −0.61 (−1.70, 0.48) | 0.270 | ||
| TP, mg/dL | −0.50 (−4.03, 3.03) | 0.781 | ||
| Adjusted R square | 0.183 | |||
Abbreviations: KDQOL, kidney disease quality of life; B, regression coefficient; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HD, hemodialysis; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Hgb, hemoglobin; Alb, albumin; Cre, creatinine; pre-BUN, pre-dialysis blood urea nitrogen; RBC, red blood cells; Hct, hematocrit; WBC, white blood cells; TP, total protein. *: Monthly income was classified into below the poverty line (<1.0 million VND/month for rural areas, <1.3 million VND/month for urban areas), and above the poverty line (≥1.0 million VND/month for rural areas, ≥1.3 million VND/month for urban areas). **: Abdominal obesity was defined as WC ≥ 90 for men or ≥80 for women, respectively.