Table 2.
Adjusted associations between self-reported changes in behavior from pre- to post-COVID-19-related restrictions and current mental health.
| Depression | Anxiety | Loneliness | Stress | Social Network | Positive Mental Health | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted R2 | p-Value | Adjusted R2 | p-Value | Adjusted R2 | p-Value | Adjusted R2 | p-Value | Adjusted R2 | p-Value | Adjusted R2 | p-Value | ||
| Goodness of Fit | 0.268 | <0.0001 | 0.219 | <0.0001 | 0.168 | <0.0001 | 0.202 | <0.0001 | 0.046 | <0.0001 | 0.255 | <0.0001 | |
| n | b (SE) | p-Value | b (SE) | p-Value | b (SE) | p-Value | b (SE) | p-Value | b (SE) | p-Value | b (SE) | p-Value | |
| Physical Activity | |||||||||||||
| Maintained high | 798 | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||||
| Increased | 152 | −0.505 (0.645) | 0.434 | 0.066 (0.677) | 0.923 | 0.001 (0.136) | 0.996 | −0.133 (0.244) | 0.585 | 0.305 (0.222) | 0.169 | 0.189 (0.345) | 0.585 |
| Decreased | 563 | 1.960 (0.417) | <0.001 | 0.596 (0.411) | 0.148 | 0.340 (0.096) | <0.001 | 0.522 (0.155) | <0.001 | −0.269 (0.149) | 0.072 | −1.010 (0.230) | <0.001 |
| Maintained low | 1539 | 0.629 (0.318) | 0.048 | 0.248 (0.320) | 0.439 | 0.078 (0.075) | 0.302 | 0.377 (0.124) | 0.002 | −0.389 (0.119) | 0.001 | −0.629 (0.182) | <0.001 |
| Sitting Time | |||||||||||||
| Maintained low | 1041 | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||||
| Decreased | 85 | 0.587 (0.972) | 0.546 | 1.497 (0.944) | 0.113 | −0.067 (0.197) | 0.728 | −0.015 (0.329) | 0.964 | 0.074 (0.273) | 0.786 | −0.122 (0.505) | 0.809 |
| Increased | 582 | 0.918 (0.441) | 0.037 | 0.946 (0.445) | 0.034 | 0.195 (0.097) | 0.045 | 0.253 (0.154) | 0.102 | −0.163 (0.149) | 0.275 | −0.673 (0.234) | 0.005 |
| Maintained high | 1344 | −0.199 (0.348) | 0.566 | −0.064 (0.344) | 0.852 | 0.046 (0.078) | 0.554 | −0.068 (0.131) | 0.604 | −0.040 (0.126) | 0.750 | −0.036 (0.192) | 0.853 |
| Screen Time | |||||||||||||
| Maintained low | 1512 | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||||
| Decreased | 45 | −0.623 (1.095) | 0.569 | 0.345 (1.203) | 0.774 | −0.495 (0.198) | 0.013 | −0.261 (0.468) | 0.577 | 0.762 (0.393) | 0.052 | 0.412 (0.641) | 0.520 |
| Increased | 562 | 1.924 (0.441) | <0.001 | 1.341 (0.454) | 0.003 | 0.340 (0.095) | <0.001 | 0.590 (0.154) | <0.001 | −0.069 (0.145) | 0.632 | −0.920 (0.239) | <0.001 |
| Maintained high | 933 | 0.375 (0.392) | 0.339 | 0.474 (0.375) | 0.206 | 0.146 (0.085) | 0.087 | 0.126 (0.137) | 0.361 | −0.156 (0.133) | 0.243 | −0.451 (0.202) | 0.026 |
Physical activity, sitting time, and screen time were entered in the model simultaneously and adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, relationship status, employment, chronic illnesses, and COVID-19 public health restrictions. Education was excluded due to multicollinearity. b = adjusted unstandardized beta; SE = standard error. Black text and bold-face indicates statistical significance, set at p < 0.00278.