Figure 2.

Physical and chemical properties of the bioactive set sealers. (A) Flowability of each material. EDS, WST, and NBG showed greater flowability than AHP, while all materials passed the ISO flowability standard (17 mm, n = 3). (B) The current sealer materials presented film thicknesses under 50 μm, which meet the ISO standard, while EDS showed the thinnest film thickness (n = 3). (C) The water contact angle of each sealer set presented different values (30–80 degrees) among groups (n = 4). (D) Linear dimensional change results between DW and HBSS solution over time (n = 3). EDS and WST revealed significant differences between DW and HBSS. (E) Ion release for 7 days (n = 3). EDS and WST exhibited excellent calcium ion release, while silicate ion release was predominant in NBG with time. The asterisks indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level between groups.