Table 4.

Exposure factors to positive and negative caregiving outcomes and health problems among AYCs of OCRs and AYCs of GrPs (n = 817) when country is included in the regression model.

	PANOC-YC20 Negative Outcomes		PANOC-YC20 Positive Outcomes		Health Problems in Connection with Caring Role
	Β	p	β	p	OR	p
Caring for GrPs (ref. No)	0.21	0.619	0.24	0.604	0.95	0.786
Age (ref.15)
16	−0.33	0.520	−0.15	0.769	0.71	0.158
17	−0.41	0.422	0.10	0.837	0.71	0.160
Gender (ref. Male)
Female	1.19	0.002	0.14	0.708	1.51	0.022
Transgender/non-binary	3.58	0.003	−1.68	0.128	5.02	0.002
Hours a day spent providing care	0.20	<0.000	0.01	0.829	1.06	0.002
Country of birth (ref. National)
Abroad	2.13	0.001	0.53	0.382	1.28	0.407
Formal services (ref. No)
Yes	1.16	0.002	0.25	0.487	1.71	0.002
Don’t know	0.39	0.472	0.01	0.989	0.94	0.801
Country (ref. CH)
IT	−3.75	<0.001	1.64	0.069	0.56	0.153
NL	−3.40	0.001	−1.23	0.224	0.37	0.024
SE	−0.14	0.895	−0.89	0.303	0.52	0.092
SL	−3.87	<0.001	2.04	0.022	0.59	0.184
UK	−0.05	0.963	−0.88	0.331	0.83	0.646
Constant	4.99	<0.001	12.50	<0.001	0.82	0.654
R2	0.237		0.085		0.068

Notes: data are coefficients (β), odds ratios (OR) and level of statistical significance (p). Robust standard errors were applied. Mean variance inflation factors (VIFs) for the models was 2.25 (range: 1.03–5.76).