Table 2.
Baseline, follow-up values and effect sizes for tested variables.
| Electronic Activity Monitor (n = 20) |
Pedometer (n = 20) | Effect Size | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean (SD)/median † (IQR) | |||||
| Primary Outcomes | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |
| Framingham non-laboratory risk score | 16.5 (12.2) | 16.6 (13.2) | 21.2 (13.6) | 21.2 (12.6) | −0.01 |
| Six-minute walk, ft. | 1487.4 (310.3) | 1561.0 (353.6) | 1568.4 (354.6) | 1642.9 (287.3) | −0.01 |
| Moderate/Vigorous Activity, minutes | 22.6 (21.5) | 33.8 (27.6) | 40.0 (33.9) | 40.2 (37.5) | 0.78 |
| Secondary Outcomes | |||||
| † Heart/Vascular age, years | 71.0 (20.0) | 69.0 (23.0) | 79.5 (17.0) | 78.0 (20.0) | 0.03 |
| Weight, kg | 81.7 (10.7) | 81.9 (11.2) | 94.1 (40.5) | 86.8 (13.6) | 0.22 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.0 (3.2) | 30.0 (3.5) | 30.6 (3.1) | 30.5 (3.1) | 0.13 |
| Waist to Hip ratio | 0.8 (0.8) | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.9) | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.45 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg * | 125.0 (11.6) | 125.0 (14.5) | 134.8 (15.8) | 134.3 (14.6) | −0.00 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 79.6 (10.5) | 80.0 (9.8) | 83.1 (9.0) | 83.4 (10.0) | 0.01 |
| Resting pulse, bpm | 69.4 (11.4) | 69.1 (14.0) | 76.3 (10.3) | 76.5 (11.9) | −0.05 |
| † Chair stand, sec | 13.0 (9.5) | 13.3 (7.2) | 14.8 (3.3) | 13.8 (4.4) | 0.49 |
| † Tandem balance, sec | 10.0 (4.6) | 10.0 (0.0) | 10.0 (0.0) | 10.0 (0.0) | 0.46 |
| † 8 feet up and go, sec | 5.9 (2.2) | 6.0 (2.5) | 6.0 (2.0) | 5.9 (1.9) | 0.49 |
| † PROMIS Physical Function | 26.0 (16.0) | 31.0 (11) | 36.5 (11.0) | 37.0 (12.0) | 0.07 |
| † SF-36: Physical functioning | 65.0 (50.0) | 70.0 (55.0) | 80.0 (26.0) | 80.0 (19.0) | 0.27 |
| † SF-36: Physical health role limitations | 56.3 (56.3) | 62.5 (56.3) | 68.8 (51.6) | 75.0 (46.9) | 0.26 |
| † SF-36: Emotional role limitations | 75.0 (58.3) | 75.0 (41.7) | 91.7 (62.5) | 79.2 (45.8) | 0.20 |
| † SF-36: Energy/fatigue | 50.0 (18.8) | 50.0 (25.0) | 53.1 (20.3) | 62.5 (20.3) | −0.31 |
| † SF-36: Emotional well-being | 65.0 (30.0) | 75.0 (20.0) | 72.5 (18.0) | 80.0 (16.0) | −0.22 |
| † SF-36: Social functioning | 62.5 (50.0) | 75.0 (37.5) | 75.0 (56.3) | 75.0 (53.1) | 0.08 |
| † SF-36: Pain | 45.0 (47.5) | 45.0 (55.0) | 62.5 (55.6) | 67.5 (47.5) | −0.04 |
| † SF-36: General health | 61.1 (19.4) | 66.7 (19.4) | 62.5 (22.6) | 59.7 (26.4) | 0.39 |
BMI: Body Mass Index; EAM: Electronic Activity Monitor; PROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; SF-36: Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36. * significantly different between groups at baseline, p < 0.05. Cohen’s d for change in the tested variable between the electronic activity monitor group against the pedometer. † Variable had a non-normal distribution