Table 8.
The effect of parental absence on mental health.
| Variables | Depressed | Blue | Unhappy | Life Is Meaningless | Pessimistic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| Parental absence | 0.025 * | 0.035 *** | 0.047 *** | 0.046 *** | 0.040 *** |
| (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | |
| Control variables | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 10,503 | 10,503 | 10,503 | 10,503 | 10,503 |
| R-squared | 0.056 | 0.049 | 0.049 | 0.043 | 0.043 |
Note: The data source is the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) 2013–2014. Robust standard errors reported in parentheses are clustered at the class level. The estimate in each cell is obtained from a separate regression. A full set of individual and class characteristics listed in Table 1, grade fixed effects, school fixed effects, and grade-by-school fixed effects are included in each regression. The IV estimation is applied in columns (1)–(5). “Yes” indicates that we control these variables in estimation. *** p < 0.01, * p < 0.1.