Table 2.
Characteristics and echocardiographic parameters of patients with and without recurrent ischemic stroke
| Characteristics | Recurrent ischemic stroke (n = 27) | Nonrecurrent ischemic stroke (n = 276) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year, mean (SD) | 74.63 ± 8.02 | 72.07 ± 10.51 | .219 |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 17 (63.0) | 163 (59.1) | .693 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Nonsmokers | 16 (59.3) | 197 (71.4) | .358 |
| Former smokers | 4 (14.8) | 35 (12.7) | |
| Current smokers | 7 (25.9) | 44 (15.9) | |
| History of drinking, n (%) | 7 (25.9) | 85 (30.8) | .599 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 20 (74.1) | 224 (81.2) | .375 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 11 (40.7) | 80 (29.0) | .203 |
| History of stroke or TIA, n (%) | 7 (25.9) | 42 (15.2) | .169 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 149.56 ± 23.61 | 146.22 ± 21.73 | .450 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 81.78 ± 12.82 | 83.28 ± 14.84 | .611 |
| NIHSS, median (IQR) | 6 (3,11) | 9 (3, 15.75) | .380 |
| WBC, ×109/L, median (IQR) | 7.10 (6.47, 10.14) | 7.60 (6.23, 9.66) | .926 |
| Platelet count, ×109/L, mean (SD) | 173.15 ± 38.43 | 189.13 ± 58.20 | .058 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L, median (IQR) | 3.53 (2.78, 4.37) | 3.48 (2.95, 4.13) | .942 |
| FBG, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 6.00 (4.90, 8.00) | 5.25 (4.60, 6.40) | .088 |
| TG, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 4.27 ± 1.18 | 4.62 ± 1.22 | .156 |
| TC, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.39) | 1.25 (0.93, 1.56) | .289 |
| HDL, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 1.04 ± 0.25 | 1.14 ± 0.31 | .102 |
| LDL, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 2.61 ± 1.04 | 2.73 ± 0.95 | .529 |
| Infarction size, n (%) | |||
| Small | 3 (11.1) | 36 (13.0) | .888 |
| Medium | 12 (44.4) | 110 (39.9) | |
| Large | 12 (44.4) | 130 (47.1) | |
| Hemorrhagic transformation, n (%) | 11 (40.7) | 101 (36.6) | .670 |
| Intravenous thrombolysis or arterial intervention, n (%) | 6 (22.2) | 50 (18.1) | .605 |
| Antithrombotic drugs at discharge, n (%) | |||
| None | 6 (22.2) | 49 (17.8) | .021 |
| Antiplatelet | 13 (48.1) | 72 (26.1) | |
| Anticoagulant | 8 (29.6) | 155 (56.2) | |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| LAD，mm, median (IQR) | 47 (43, 51) | 45 (42, 51) | .461 |
| LAD/H, mm/m, mean (SD) | 29.57 ± 3.15 | 28.04 ± 4.48 | .084 |
| LAD/BSA, mm/m2, median (IQR) | 29.14 (26.18, 31.87) | 26.75 (23.96, 29.82) | .008 |
| Ventricular septal thickness, mm, median (IQR) | 10 (10, 11) | 11 (10, 12) | .472 |
| LV posterior wall thickness, mm, median (IQR) | 10 (10, 11) | 10 (10, 11) | .681 |
| Stroke volume, ml, median (IQR) | 60.10 (53.50, 65.40) | 68.25 (56.15, 80.53) | .015 |
| Cardiac output, L/min, median (IQR) | 4.80 (3.90, 5.80) | 5.30 (4.20, 6.50) | .051 |
| LVEF, %, median (IQR) | 62.10 (54.20, 66.90) | 62.30 (56.33, 67.40) | .736 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, inter quartile range; TIA, transient ischemic attack; BP, blood pressure; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; WBC, white blood cell; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TG, total cholesterol; TC, triglyceride; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; LAD, left atrial diameter; LAD/H, left atrial diameter/height; LAD/BSA, left atrial diameter/ body surface area; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.