Table 1.
Univariate analysis of perioperative variables between MCPB and CCPB groups
| Perioperative variables | CCPB (n=35) | MCPB (n=36) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Gender:male | 26 (74.3) | 25 (69.4) | 0.65 |
| Age (years) | 61.0±9.1 | 59.8±8.6 | 0.55 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.5±4.5 | 23.9±3.1 | 0.14 |
| <6 years of formal education | 21 (60.0) | 16 (44.0) | 0.19 |
| Preoperative clinical characteristics | |||
| Hypertension | 28 (80) | 33 (91.7) | 0.19 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 16 (45.7) | 21 (58.3) | 0.29 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 14 (40) | 15 (41.7) | 0.89 |
| EuroSCORE logistic | 1.2±0.7 | 1.1±0.6 | 0.41 |
| Preoperative markers | |||
| TNF-a level (ng/L) | 9.5±4.2 | 9.6±3.5 | 0.92 |
| IL-6 level (ng/L) | 2.2±1.7 | 2.5±1.9 | 0.55 |
| NSE level (mg/L) | 7.7±2.0 | 9.6±6.0 | 0.09 |
| Intraoperative variables | |||
| CPB time (min) | 97.3±17.6 | 102.9±33.1 | 0.37 |
| Aortic cross clamp time (min) | 51.4±11.3 | 58.2±26.3 | 0.16 |
| Hyperglycemia (≥11.1 mmol/L) | 1 (2.9) | 4 (11.1) | 0.56 |
| Intraoperative hemodilution | |||
| Prebypass hematocrit (%) | 37.2±5.2 | 35.3±4.9 | 0.12 |
| CPB lowest hematocrit (%) | 22.5±2.2 | 24.9±4.9 | 0.010 |
| Red blood cell transfusion | 11 (31.4) | 11 (30.6) | 0.94 |
| Perfusion during CPB | |||
| Lowest cardiac index during CPB (L/min/m2) | 2.4±0.1 | 2.1±0.3 | <0.001 |
| Mean cardiac index during CPB (L/min/m2) | 2.6±0.1 | 2.4±0.2 | <0.001 |
| Lowest SvO2 (%) | 63.9±10.3 | 69.5±5.9 | 0.006 |
| Postoperative markers | |||
| TNF-a level at 24 h in ICU (ng/L) | 12.7±5.2 | 12.0±4.6 | 0.56 |
| IL-6 level at 24 h in ICU (ng/L) | 160.7±146.7 | 182.3±99.1 | 0.47 |
| Highest postoperative NSE level (mg/L) | 18.0±7.1 | 18.3±7.5 | 0.89 |
| Postoperative outcomes | |||
| Postoperative cognitive dysfunction | 18 (51.4) | 18 (50.0) | 0.90 |
| Length of hospitalization (days) | 9.7±4.0 | 8.8±3.9 | 0.34 |
Figures are number (percent) or mean±standard deviation. CCPB: Conventional cardiopulmonary bypass, CPB: Cardiopulmonary bypass, MCPB: Miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass, EuroSCORE: European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation, IL-6=interleukin-6, NSE: Neuron-specific enolase, SVO2: Mixed venous oxygen saturation, TNF-a: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha