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. 2020 Aug 26;9(9):699. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9090699

Table 1.

Emergence of Usutu virus (USUV) in Europe: clinical cases/seroconversion/RNA detection/serologic evidence. In Europe, USUV emerged in 1996 in the Tuscany region (Italy) when it was detected by retrospective analysis of archived tissues from dead birds. In mosquitoes, USUV was discovered for the first time in 2006 (Spain) in a pool of Cx. pipiens. Seroconversion in horses was reported in 2008 (Italy), following the first two human clinical cases in 2009. In 2013, the virus was detected in two dead bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) in Germany. Until 2018, USUV infections were reported in 16 European countries.

Country graphic file with name pathogens-09-00699-i001.jpg graphic file with name pathogens-09-00699-i002.jpg Inline graphic graphic file with name pathogens-09-00699-i004.jpg graphic file with name pathogens-09-00699-i005.jpg Reference
Austria 2016* 2001 2017 [8,17,37,38,39]
Belgium 2012 2016 2017 [1,20,40]
Croatia 2012 2018 2011 2016 [15,22,30,32]
Czech Republic 2004 2013 [41,42]
France 2016 2015 2015 [31,43,44]
Germany 2012* 2011 2010 2013 [9,13,19,45]
Greece 2010 [46]
Hungary 2018 2005 [34,47]
Italy 2009 1996 2008 2009 [7,21,28,29,48]
Netherlands 2016 [49]
Poland 2006 2012 [50,51]
Serbia 2015 2012 2009 2014 [52,53,54]
Slovakia 2010 [23,55]
Spain 2011 2011 2006 [56,57,58,59]
Switzerland 2006 [60]
United Kingdom 2001 [61]

Inline graphicClinical cases/RNA detection/seroconversion;Inline graphicserologic evidence; *asymptomatic blood donors/blood donations.