Table 2.

Analysis of peri-implantitis, non-surgical approach.

Authors Number of Implants/Patients	Laser/Irradiation Protocol/Treatment Protocol	Type of a/Implant b/Characteristics of Surface/Decontamination-Smoothening	BOP/PI CAL/PD	Outcome Follow Up	Comment
Renvert et al. (2011) [65] Blinded RCT 86 implants—42 patients Non-surgical.	Er:YAG 2940 nm. Grp 1: Perio Flow Device, Grp 2: Er:YAG 100 mJ/pulse/10 Hz. Fluence 12.7 J/cm2.	a/Air -abrasive Group: machined surface: 29, medium rough surface: 16. Laser Group: machined surface: 41, medium rough surface: 14. Instrument tip was used in a parallel mode using a semi-circular motion around the circumferential pocket area of the implant.	Peri-implantitis. BOP ↓ sig. in both groups (p < 0.001). No differences in changes of BOP by study intervention groups (p = 0.22). 6 mths ↓plaque at implants in air-abrasive group (p < 0.05). CAL—Not measured PD ↓ in laser group 0.8 mm (SD ± 0.5), PD ↓ in air-abrasive group 0.9 mm (SD ± 0.8). No differences in PD by study group intervention (p = 0.55).	PI results of therapy at 6 mths similar Er:YAG or air- abrasive for debridement of implants. Both methods ↓ PD and BOP. The overall clinical improvement was limited.	No sig. diff. PD > =5 mm, BOP and suppuration at 6 mths. No sig diff in alveolar bone at 6 months in both groups.
Abduljabbar et al. (2017) [66] RCT 63 pts/79 implants Non-surgical.	Nd: YAG 1064 nm 60 to 120 s. Av p. 4 W 80 mJ 50 Hz. Pulse width 350 msecs + air/water.	a/Platform-switched with moderately rough surfaces b/Grp 1 = MD only, Grp 2 = MD with 1 appl Nd: YAG laser.	Peri-implantitis: BOP at >30% of PI sites, PD ≥ 4 mm and/or ≥ 3 mm bone loss/implant. 3 mths BOP ↑ MD + Nd:YAG Grp cf MD Grp. 6 mth BOP comparable in both groups. 3 mth PI ↑ MD + Nd:YAG Grp cf MD Grp. 6 mth PI comparable in both groups. CAL not measured.	No statistically significant difference in CBL among patients in groups 1 and 2 at 3- and 6-month.	Nd:YAG + MD non-surgical more effective in PI cf MD but not maintained at 6 mths. Soft tissue healing sig faster MD + Nd:YAG cf MD.
Romeo et al. (2016) [67] RCT 40 pts/123 implants Non-surgical.	DL 670 nm + MBO. Fluence 25.54 J/cm2, Total energy 1592 J/cm2.	a/Not mentioned b/Grp 1: MD Group 2: MD +aPDT.	Peri-implantitis: BOP, PD ≥4 mm, and suppuration. BOP ceased Grp 2 at 24 wks. PI Grp 2 17% at 24 wks. Control PI of 25%. No sig. diff. between grps. CAL Not measured PD Grp 2 (MD and aPDT) better with av. 2 mm cf Grp 1(3 mm). The readings remained constant at 24 weeks.	The results obtained in this study suggest that photodynamic therapy could be considered an effective method for bacterial reduction on implant surfaces.	Group 2 showed after 24 weeks a better value in terms of PD, BOP, and PI, with an average pocket depth value of 2 mm, if compared with group 1 (3 mm).