Table 2.
Drug metabolism enzymes localization and commonly catalyzed biotransformation reaction in human liver [47].
| Drug Metabolism Enzyme | Major Enzyme Isoform | Localization in Human Liver | Common Biotransformation Reaction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytochrome P450 | CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYPC19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5 | Microsomes | Oxidation |
| Uridine 5′-diphospho glucuronosyltransferase | UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, UGT2B10, UGT2B15 | Microsomes | Conjugation |
| Sulfotransferases | SULT1A1, SULT1A3, SULT1E1, SULT2A1, SULT1B1 | Cytosol | Conjugation |
| Aldo-keto reductases | AKR1A1, AKR1B1, AKR1C1, AKR1D1 | Cytosol, microsome | Reduction |
| Flavin-containing monooxygenases | FMO3, FMO4, FMO5 | Microsomes | Oxidation |
| Monoamine oxidase | MAO-A, MOA-B | Cytosol | Oxidation |
| N-acetyltransferases | NAT1, NAT2 | Cytosol, mitochondria | Conjugation |