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. 2020 Aug 30;97(5):653–667. doi: 10.1007/s11524-019-00398-6

Table 3.

HYM 2.0 cohort (N = 448) substance use by HIV status and race

Variables Categories Wave 1
(N = 448)
HIV negative
(n = 397)
HIV positive
(n = 51)
p value Black
(n = 94)
Hispanic
(n = 264)
Multi-racial/ethnic
(n = 90)
p value
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Alcohol use Lifetime 421 (94) 373 (94) 48 (94) 0.96 89 (95) 249 (94) 83 (92) 0.73
6 months 392 (88) 348 (88) 44 (86) 0.78 80 (85) 234 (89) 78 (87) 0.65
Tobacco use Lifetime 325 (73) 288 (73) 37 (73) 1.00 64 (68) 196 (74) 65 (72) 0.52
6 months 204 (46) 178 (45) 26 (51) 0.41 38 (40) 120 (45) 46 (51) 0.35
Marijuana use (non-Rx) Lifetime 380 (85) 335 (84) 45 (88) 0.47 83 (88) 221 (84) 76 (84) 0.56
6 months 321 (72) 282 (71) 39 (76) 0.42 79 (84) 184 (70) 58 (64) < 0.01
< 21-year user 98 (22) 90 (23) 8 (16) 0.47 17 (18) 62 (23) 19 (21) 0.65
Poppers use Lifetime 189 (42) 159 (40) 30 (59) 0.01 28 (30) 124 (47) 37 (41) 0.01
6 months 114 (25) 94 (24) 20 (39) 0.02 14 (15) 83 (31) 17 (19) < 0.01
Cocaine use Lifetime 149 (33) 126 (32) 23 (45) 0.06 30 (32) 90 (34) 29 (32) 0.90
6 months 85 (19) 71 (18) 14 (27) 0.10 18 (19) 51 (19) 16 (18) 0.95
Other drugs use (non-Rx)a Lifetime 227 (51) 194 (49) 33 (65) 0.03 42 (45) 141 (53) 44 (49) 0.32
6 Months 138 (31) 115 (29) 23 (45) 0.02 29 (31) 83 (31) 26 (29) 0.90
Drug test results (marijuana)b Positive 196 (44) 172 (44) 24 (49) 0.5 52 (57) 101 (39) 43 (48) 0.01
Drug test results (cocaine)b Positive 16 (4) 12 (3) 4 (8) 0.07 6 (7) 6 (2) 4 (4) 0.16
Total positive drug testsb 0 drugs 226 (51) 206 (53) 20 (41) < 0.01 37 (40) 145 (56) 44 (49) 0.09
1 drug 180 (41) 162 (41) 18 (37) 44 (48) 96 (37) 40 (44)
2+ drugs 35 (8) 24 (6) 11 (22) 11 (12) 18 (7) 6 (7)
Problem alcohol use (last 6 months)c No advice needed 229 (58) 203 (58) 26 (59) 0.67 50 (62) 129 (55) 50 (64) 0.16
Need simple advice 126 (32) 110 (32) 16 (36) 22 (28) 83 (35) 21 (27)
Need brief counseling 19 (5) 18 (5) 1 (2) 7 (9) 10 (4) 2 (3)
Need evaluation for dependence 18 (5) 17 (5) 1 (2) 1 (1) 12 (5) 5 (6)
Problem marijuana use (last 6 months)d No marijuana misuse 195 (61) 169 (60) 26 (67) 0.66 45 (57) 119 (65) 31 (53) 0.64
Mild marijuana misuse 74 (23) 66 (23) 8 (21) 19 (24) 40 (22) 15 (26)
Moderate marijuana misuse 22 (7) 21 (7) 1 (3) 5 (6) 12 (7) 5 (9)
Severe marijuana misuse 30 (9) 26 (9) 4 (10) 10 (13) 13 (7) 7 (12)

a.Other non-Rx drugs include heroin, ecstasy, meth, GHB, ketamine, inhalants, hallucinogens, and others

bMissing data were excluded from calculations. There were a total of 7 participants whose drug test results were missing. Missing drug test results by HIV status: 5 HIV negative, 2 HIV positive. Missing drug test results by race: 2 Black, 5 Hispanic

cThere were 56 participants who said they had not used alcohol in the last 6 months: 49 HIV negative, 7 HIV positive; 14 Black, 30 Hispanic, 12 multi-racial/ethnic

dThere were 127 participants who said they had not used marijuana in the last 6 months: 115 HIV negative, 12 HIV positive; 15 Black, 80 Hispanic, 32 multi-racial/ethnic