Fig. 3. Regional components of precipitation change associated with different processes in both wet and dry seasons.

Each panel a–g corresponds to one of seven monsoon regions, as marked. Monsoon regions on the left-hand and right-hand sides are located in Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere, respectively. In each panel, different contributions to rainfall changes are presented. The first column pair are the total precipitation change (dPre). The next four column pairs are: thermodynamic effect, i.e., atmospheric water vapour changes (dWV), vertical dynamic effect changes (dVert), altered horizontal advection (dAdv) and land evapotranspiration change (dET), respectively (see Methods section). The Residual effect (Res) is the difference between total precipitation change (dPre) and the sum of the four processes (dWV + dVert + dAdv + dET). For dPre, the four individual drivers and Res, there is a further subdivision, with the left and right columns showing changes in the wet and dry seasons respectively. Each process is further divided into radiative (RAD, orange bars) and physiological (VEG, blue bars) drivers in wet and dry seasons, while the black circles are from the ALL simulations.