Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Household Contacts ≤19 Years Old, Stratified by DST Profile of Index Case
| Characteristic | DS Index Cases [n (%)] | INH-R Index Cases [n (%)] | MDR Index Cases [n(%)] | P Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (N = 4,216) | |||||
| 0–5 yr | 1,143 (36) | 134 (35) | 242 (36) | 0.55 | |
| 6–10 yr | 741 (23) | 80 (21) | 150 (23) | 0.55 | |
| 11–15 yr | 703 (22) | 85 (22) | 152 (23) | 0.55 | |
| 16–19 yr | 577 (18) | 87 (23) | 122 (18) | 0.55 | |
| Sex (N = 4,216) | |||||
| F | 1,592 (50) | 191 (49) | 337 (51) | 0.94 | |
| M | 1,572 (50) | 195 (51) | 329 (49) | 0.94 | |
| HIV seropositive (n = 4,164) | |||||
| No | 3,124 (100) | 378 (100) | 658 (100) | 0.52 | |
| Yes | 4 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.52 | |
| Diabetes mellitus (n = 4,202) | |||||
| No | 3,156 (100) | 381 (100) | 661 (100) | 0.07 | |
| Yes | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | 0.07 | |
| BCG scars (N = 4,216) | |||||
| 0 | 593 (19) | 90 (23) | 141 (21) | 0.05 | |
| >1 | 2,571 (81) | 296 (77) | 525 (79) | 0.05 | |
| Smoking status (n = 4,209) | |||||
| None or light smoking | 3,139 (99) | 382 (99) | 663 (100) | 0.84 | |
| Heavy smoking | 20 (1) | 2 (1) | 3 (0) | 0.84 | |
| Alcohol use (n = 4,195) | |||||
| None or light drinker | 3,112 (99) | 375 (98) | 653 (99) | 0.37 | |
| Heavy drinker | 39 (1) | 8 (2) | 8 (1) | 0.37 | |
| Nutritional status† (n = 4,173) | |||||
| Normal weight | 2,568 (82) | 316 (83) | 545 (83) | 0.98 | |
| Underweight | 77 (2) | 10 (3) | 16 (2) | 0.98 | |
| Overweight | 487 (16) | 57 (15) | 97 (15) | 0.98 | |
| Use of public transportation (n = 4,120) | |||||
| Nonuser | 1,159 (37) | 135 (36) | 237 (37) | 0.34 | |
| 1–3 d/wk | 994 (32) | 137 (37) | 218 (34) | 0.34 | |
| 4–7 d/wk | 952 (31) | 100 (27) | 188 (29) | 0.34 | |
| Socioeconomic status‡ (n = 4,128) | |||||
| Low | 1,210 (39) | 144 (39) | 268 (40) | 0.85 | |
| Middle | 1,369 (44) | 166 (45) | 283 (43) | 0.85 | |
| High | 520 (17) | 55 (15) | 113 (17) | 0.85 | |
| TB infected at baseline (n = 4,068) | |||||
| No | 2,214 (72) | 256 (68) | 441 (69) | 0.09 | |
| Yes | 842 (28) | 118 (32) | 197 (31) | 0.09 | |
| TB history (N = 4,216) | |||||
| No | 3,102 (98) | 375 (97) | 651 (98) | 0.49 | |
| Yes | 62 (2) | 11 (3) | 15 (2) | 0.49 | |
| Employment (n = 4,214) | |||||
| No | 2,917 (92) | 351 (91) | 606 (91) | 0.42 | |
| Yes | 245 (8) | 35 (9) | 60 (9) | 0.42 | |
| Being a student (n = 4,214) | |||||
| No | 1,137 (36) | 141 (37) | 258 (39) | 0.4 | |
| Yes | 2,025 (64) | 245 (63) | 408 (61) | 0.4 | |
| Index case age (N = 4,216) | |||||
| 16–30 yr | 1,857 (59) | 204 (53) | 400 (60) | 0.02 | |
| 31–45 yr | 746 (24) | 118 (31) | 154 (23) | 0.02 | |
| 46–60 yr | 297 (9) | 40 (10) | 70 (11) | 0.02 | |
| >60 yr | 264 (8) | 24 (6) | 42 (6) | 0.02 | |
| Index case sex (n = 4,126) | |||||
| F | 1,437 (45) | 135 (35) | 288 (43) | <0.01 | |
| M | 1,727 (55) | 251 (65) | 378 (57) | <0.01 | |
| Index case smoking status (n = 4,125) | |||||
| None or light smoker | 3,074 (99) | 363 (96) | 621 (97) | <0.01 | |
| Heavy smoker | 36 (1) | 14 (4) | 17 (3) | <0.01 | |
| Index case drinking status (n = 4,053) | |||||
| None or light drinker | 2,720 (90) | 330 (87) | 581 (91) | 0.21 | |
| Heavy drinker | 315 (10) | 48 (13) | 59 (9) | 0.21 | |
| Index case employment (n = 4,200) | |||||
| No | 2,104 (67) | 233 (61) | 459 (69) | 0.02 | |
| Yes | 1,046 (33) | 152 (39) | 206 (31) | 0.02 | |
| Index case marijuana use (n = 4,206) | |||||
| No | 2,760 (87) | 327 (85) | 573 (87) | 0.33 | |
| Yes | 399 (13) | 59 (15) | 88 (13) | 0.33 | |
| Index case cocaine use (n = 4,206) | |||||
| No | 2,643 (84) | 321 (83) | 562 (85) | 0.71 | |
| Yes | 516 (16) | 64 (17) | 100 (15) | 0.71 | |
| Household incarceration history (N = 4,216) | |||||
| No | 2,854 (90) | 359 (93) | 584 (88) | 0.02 | |
| Yes | 310 (10) | 27 (7) | 82 (12) | 0.02 | |
| Household education (N = 4,216) | |||||
| Low | 663 (21) | 77 (20) | 133 (20) | <0.01 | |
| Medium | 1,814 (57) | 191 (49) | 402 (60) | <0.01 | |
| High | 687 (22) | 118 (31) | 131 (20) | <0.01 | |
| Household district (N = 4,216) | |||||
| Cercado de Lima | 276 (9) | 46 (12) | 51 (8) | <0.01 | |
| Comas | 214 (7) | 20 (5) | 13 (2) | <0.01 | |
| El Agustino | 229 (7) | 18 (5) | 99 (15) | <0.01 | |
| La Victoria | 346 (11) | 24 (6) | 81 (12) | <0.01 | |
| Los Olivos | 332 (10) | 39 (10) | 79 (12) | <0.01 | |
| Rimac | 310 (10) | 60 (16) | 37 (6) | <0.01 | |
| San Martin de Porres | 713 (23) | 97 (25) | 168 (25) | <0.01 | |
| Santa Anita | 186 (6) | 7 (2) | 28 (4) | <0.01 | |
| Others | 558 (18) | 75 (19) | 110 (17) | <0.01 |
Definition of abbreviations: BCG = bacillus Calmette-Guérin; DS = drug-sensitive; DST = drug sensitivity test; INH-R = isoniazid-resistant; MDR = multidrug-resistant; TB = tuberculosis.
*
Compared the two groups using a χ2 test.
†
Nutritional status was defined by the World Health Organization body mass index z-score tables.
‡
Socioeconomic status was defined using a principal component analysis based on housing quality, water supply, and sanitation.