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. 2020 Oct 14;10:17185. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74092-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PCR-DGGE profile and NGS analysis of anodic biofilm. PCR-DGGE profile of anodic biofilm, after the end of 140 days of operation of MFCs. The respective anodic biofilms were scrapped and all the microbiota shifting was analysed through amplifying the microbes-specific primers in PCR followed by DGGE, which includes (a) Exoelectrogens; (b) Methanogens; (c) Protozoa; and (d) Helminth. The letter notations above were based on the individual PWE pre-treated mixed anaerobic sludge used as inoculum for formation of the biofilm as follows: Eucalyptus globulus (E), Leucaena leucocephala (L), Mentha piperita (M), Psidium guajava (P), Terminalia chebula (T) and (C) as control. The black arrows show the faint bands. Bacterial-archaea diversity in anodic mixed consortia developed in (e) MFC-E and (f) MFC-C. Gels are visualized by using Quantity One Software (https://www.bio-rad.com/en-id/product/quantity-one-1-d-analysis-software?ID=1de9eb3a-1eb5-4edb-82d2-68b91bf360fb).