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. 2020 Oct 14;10:17289. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74069-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Elevated [Na⁺]_o increases contractile dysfunction during reperfusion in hearts with a return of intrinsic rhythm. (A) Stacked bar graphs summarizing the return of electrical rhythm during reperfusion. (B) Peak EDP immediately upon reperfusion (reperfusion contracture). In the 145 mM Na⁺ group, hearts that eventually returned to an intrinsic rhythm during reperfusion had a significantly lower EDP than those developing arrhythmias or asystole; there was no difference in EDP between the 145 mM Na⁺ and 155 mM Na⁺ groups when only comparing EDP from hearts with returned intrinsic rhythm. (C) LVDP at 30-min of reperfusion is significantly higher in the 145 Na⁺ group relative to the 155 Na⁺ group, consistent with baseline LVDP values. Data from arrhythmic and asystolic hearts excluded for (C). *Indicates p < 0.05 as determined by unpaired student’s t-test.