Table 2.

Differentially expressed Wnt signaling genes between prostate cancer and BPH

Gene	Description	Function	Fold change	p value*
Upregulated
FZD4	Frizzled homolog 4	Wnt coreceptor	54.68	0.0007
WNT4	Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4	Noncanonical WNT signaling; embryogenesis	18.82	0.0092
LEF1	Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1	Transcription factor in the Wnt pathway	14.82	0.0071
LRP5	Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5	Wnt coreceptor	11.85	0.0071
NKD1	Naked cuticle homolog 1	Antagonist of Wnt signaling; binds DVL enabling GSK3B-dependent phosphorylation and ubiquitination of β-catenin	11.79	0.0071
CSNK2A2	Casein kinase 2, alpha prime polypeptide	Cytoplasmic and nuclear stimulator of Wnt signaling; suppresses β-catenin degradation, enhances β-catenin:LEF1 transactivation of Wnt target genes	11.20	0.0012
SFRP4	Secreted frizzled-related protein 4	Secreted Wnt antagonist. Suppresses both canonical and noncanonical signaling	9.28	0.0071
FZD6	Frizzled homolog 6	Wnt coreceptor	8.73	0.0305
AXIN2	Axin 2	Antagonist of Wnt signaling; sequesters β-catenin in a multiprotein destruction complex	6.69	0.0449
DKK3	Dikkopf homolog 3	Secreted Wnt antagonist. Divergent member of DKK family; does not appear to function directly in Wnt signaling	5.15	0.0508
APC	Adenomatosis polyposis coli	Antagonist of Wnt signaling; sequesters β-catenin in a multiprotein complex	4.76	0.0092
GSK3β	Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Antagonist of Wnt signaling; Phosphorylates β-catenin for proteasomal degradation	3.77	0.0217
DVL3	Disheveled, dsh homolog 3	Phosphoprotein, stimulates Wnt signaling; inhibits activity of GSK3β	2.95	0.0217
Downregulated
FZD1	Frizzled homolog 1	Wnt receptor	6.56	0.0449
FZD8	Frizzled homolog 8	Wnt receptor	4.15	0.0476

^*p value is adjusted for false discovery. Only those genes with a significant change in expression are listed in this table.