Table 1.
Effects of n-3 PUFA on body weight and body composition in male animals
| Rats/mice (animal number/days on diet) | Dietary fat (% kcal from fat) | Saturated fat (SFA) (%) | n-3 PUFA (% in diet)/replaced/added | n-6/n-3 ratio | Control diet | Body weight | Fat mass/site | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLETF rats (8/175) | 5 | NA | EPA Added | NA | Safflower oil | NC | −/ABD | [40] |
| Wistar rats (30/28) | 20 | NA | 0.22–5.48 EPA 0.00–5.38 DHA NA |
NA | Lard and olive oil | NC | −/RP | [41] |
| C57BL/6J mice (8/49) | 20 |
1.86 |
6.5 n-3 PUFA 0.60 EPA 5.40 DHA Replaced 44% |
1.08 | Corn oil | − | −/EPI | [42] |
| 20 | 2.12 | 5.94 n-3 PUFA 4.26 EPA 0.74 DHA Replaced 15% |
1.04 | Corn oil | − | NC | ||
| 20 | 1.4 | 12.48 n-3 PUFA 0.72 EPA 1.60 DHA Replaced 15% |
0.21 | Flaxseed oil | NC | NC | ||
| 20 | 1.14 | 14.14 n-3 PUFA 2.12 EPA 4.72 DHA Replaced 44% |
0.14 | Flaxseed oil | − | −/EPI | ||
| 35.2 | 6.79 | 5.56–12.70 n-3 PUFA 0.40–1.16 EPA 3.60–10.28 DHA Replaced 15%–44% |
1.15 | Rapeseed oil, sunflower oil | − | −/EPI | ||
| C57BL/6J mice (12/35) | 20 | 1.14 | 14.14 n-3 PUFA 2.12 EPA 4.72 DHA Replaced 44% |
0.14 | Flaxseed oil | − | −/EPI | [43] |
| 35 | 6.79 | 5.56 n-3 PUFA 0.40 EPA 3.60 DHA Replaced 15% |
1.15 | Chow fed | − | −/EPI | ||
| Wistarrats (29/35) | 62 | 0.10 EPA Added | SFA | NC | −/RP | [37] | ||
| 21-week sucrose-induced obese | 7.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 n-3 PUFA | 0.02 | Corn-canola oil | NC | NC/EPI | [59] |
| Wistar rats (10/42) | 1.5 EPA 0.98 DHA NA |
|||||||
| fa/fa and lean Zucker rats (8/63) | 10 | 2.542–2.624 | .0089–3.55 ALA 0.80 EPA 0.161 DPA 0.915 DHA NA |
0.54–58.59 | Flaxseed oil Menhaden oil or Safflower oil |
NC | NC | [44] |
| C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice (30/182) | 40 | 9.6 | 21.9 n-3 NA |
7.5 | HF | NC | NC | [45] |
| Sprague-Dawley rats (48/21) | 14 | 5.24 | 3.42 n-3 0.21 EPA 1.08 DHA NA |
0.2 | Sucrose diet | NC | −/RP and EPI | [39] |
| Wistar rats (8/270) | 8 | 1.65 | 1.66 n-3 Replaced 7% |
2.30 | Cornstarch | NC | −/RP and EPI | [46] |
| C57Bl/6J mice (10/77) | 45 | 13.5 | 7.25 EPA (6.75) Added |
HF diet | − | − | [47] | |
| C57Bl/6J mice (14/70) | 45 | NA | 3.6 EPA (also says 36g/kg) Added |
NA | HF diet | − | −/SubQ PG MES |
[48] |
| Golden Syrian hamsters (12/140) | 45 | NA | 2.0 n-3 0.9 EPA 0.5 DHA Replaced 10% |
3.75 | HF lard diet | − | NC | [154] |
| Wistar rats (NA/16–20) | 50 | NA | FO Replaced 30% |
NA | HF lard diet | NC | −/SubQ RP EPI |
[49] |
| C57BL/6J Ob/ob (NA/112) | NA | NA | Cod liver oil 80 g EPA 80 g DHA NA |
NA | Primrose oil | − | NC | [50] |
| C57BL/6J mice (7/140) | 38.1 | NA | 5% EPA ethyl ester Replaced 5% |
NA | HF diet | NC | NC/WAT | [51] |
| 25 | NA | 5% EPA ethyl ester Replaced 5% |
NA | HF-HS diet | − | −/WAT | ||
| C57BL/6J mice (8/213) | 60 | NA | 5.3 n-3 PUFA 0.74 EPA 2.4 DHA Replaced 15% |
NA | cHF diet | NC | −/EPI | [52] |
| Wistar rats (16/28) | NA | NA | NA Replaced 6% |
NA | HF-HS diet | NC | −/EPI PER |
[53] |
| C57BL/6J mice (50/49) | 35 | NA | 0.42 n-3 PUFA 0.19 DHA 0.05 EPA Replaced 15% |
NA | HF diet Corn oil |
NC | −/BAT | [54] |
| Sprague–Dawley rats (28/21) | 20 | 9.4 | 20 n-3 PUFA 2 EPA 6.4 DHA |
NA | Safflower | NC | −/EPI PER |
[61] |
| C57BL/6J mice (8/49) | 35 | NA | 0.5 EPA+DHA Replaced 10% |
NA | Corn oil | − | −/EPI | [63] |
| Goto–Kakizaki rats (15/28) | NA | NA | 0.5 g/kg EPA Gavage |
NA | CMC | NC | NC | [55] |
| KKAy mice (36/84) | 10 | NA | 12 EPA 18 DHA Added 30 % |
NA | (1) Perilla or (2) Soybean oil & (3) Lard |
NC | −/EPI | [56] |
| Fisher rats (10/42) | 20 | NA | 18 n-3 PUFA | NA | Corn oil | NA | −/EPI | [64] |
| Wistar rats (28/16) | 50 | 9 | 5% n-3 PUFA 2.62 EPA & 1.62 Replaced 10% |
0.4 | Lard | NC | −/EPI | [62] |
| Wistar rats (30/24) | 40 | 23.7 | 18–6 or 40.6 n-3 PUFA 5 or 17.9 EPA 7.7 or 14.7 DHA |
0.29 or 0.12 | Olive oil + Beef tallow |
NC | −/EPI & RP | [57] |
+, increase; −, decrease; A, addition; ABD, abdominal; CMC, carboxymethylcellulose; EPI, epididymal; FO, fish oil; HF-HS, high fat and high sugar; MES, mesenteric; NA, information not available; NC, no change; OTLEF, Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima fatty; PG, perigonadal; PER; perirenal; RP, retroperitoneal adipose tissue; R, reversal; SubQ, subcutaneous.