Table 1. Baseline Clinical Characteristics, Comorbidities, Social Factors, Medications, and Laboratory Data on Admission, and Outcomes of COVID-19 Hospitalizations.
| All Patients (n=400) | GI Symptoms (n=133) | No GI Symptoms (n=267) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | ||||
| Age | 56.40 (16.07) | 57.52 (15.95) | 55.83 (16.12) | 0.3208 |
| Male Gender | 225 (56.25) | 79 (59.40) | 146 (54.68) | 0.3716 |
| Comorbid Conditions | ||||
| Obesity | 86 (21.55) | 24 (18.05) | 62 (23.31) | 0.2291 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 43 (10.78) | 12 (9.02) | 31 (11.65) | 0.4255 |
| Heart Failure | 39 (9.77) | 8 (6.02) | 31 (11.65) | 0.0741 |
| Cardiac Arrythmia | 29 (9.77) | 10 (7.52) | 19 (7.14) | 0.8919 |
| Hypertension | 218 (54.64) | 76 (57.14) | 143 (53.38) | 0.4783 |
| Dyslipidemia | 36 (9.05) | 12 (9.02) | 24 (9.06) | 0.9911 |
| Diabetes | 143 (35.93) | 45 (34.09) | 98 (36.84) | 0.5913 |
| Cerebrovascular Accident | 14 (3.51) | 1 (0.75) | 13 (4.89) | 0.0344 |
| Pulmonary Disease | 32 (8.02) | 10 (7.52) | 22 (8.27) | 0.795 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 62 (15.79) | 30 (22.56) | 32 (12.41) | 0.0087 |
| Thyroid Disease | 36 (9.02) | 17 (12.78) | 19 (7.14) | 0.0641 |
| Malignancy | 49 (12.31) | 15 (11.45) | 34 (12.73) | 0.759 |
| Social Factors | ||||
| Active Tobacco Use | 16 (4.01) | 5 (3.76) | 11 (4.14) | 0.8573 |
| Former Tobacco Use | 71 (17.88) | 30 (22.56) | 41 (15.53) | 0.0851 |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | 19 (4.76) | 6 (4.51) | 13 (4.89) | 0.8684 |
| Medications | ||||
| Immunosuppressants | 45 (11.28) | 21 (15.79) | 24 (9.02) | 0.0441 |
| ACE-I or ARB | 117 (29.62) | 50 (38.46) | 67 (25.28) | 0.0069 |
| Laboratory Data | ||||
| Hemoglobin in g/dL | 11.87 (2.20) | 11.96 (2.12) | 11.83 (2.24) | 0.5792 |
| Leukocytes in in /microL | 9288.38 (13721.94) | 8748.03 (8330.11) | 9556.51 (15634.12) | 0.5821 |
| Lymphocytes in in /microL | 1620.31 (9702.31) | 1073.87 (546.75) | 1893.52 (11874.71) | 0.4305 |
| Platelets x1000/microL | 228 (122) | 223 (106) | 230 (129) | 0.5816 |
| ALT in U/L | 46.94 (49.89) | 49.06 (51.16) | 45.79 (49.26) | 0.5525 |
| AST in U/L | 50.92 (48.91) | 56.01 (64.77) | 48.18 (37.55) | 0.1463 |
| Total Bilirubin in mg/dL | 0.56 (1.00) | 0.48 (0.46) | 0.61 (1.19) | 0.2858 |
| Direct Bilirubin in mg/dL | 0.44 (0.98) | 0.35 (0.44) | 0.48 (1.17) | 0.294 |
| Alkaline Phosphatase in U/L | 120.55 (130.45) | 106.21 (78.15) | 128.38 (151.27) | 0.247 |
| GGT in U/L | 195.91 (251.16) | 175.73 (207.03) | 206.68 (271.93) | 0.4032 |
| Amylase in U/L | 76.77 (51.92) | 77.71 (45.71) | 75.94 (57.53) | 0.8961 |
| INR | 1.17 (0.79) | 1.09 (0.24) | 1.20 (0.94) | 0.2579 |
| D-Dimer in ng/mL | 4648.45 (12025.48) | 3954.72 (10423.51) | 5027.44 (12823.68) | 0.4367 |
| NT-pro-BNP in pg/mL | 4145.42 (11212.44) | 3425.63 (8471.85) | 4552.58 (12522.54) | 0.5495 |
| Lactic acid in mg/dL | 15.35 (18.75) | 13.56 (6.38) | 16.28 (22.58) | 0.2614 |
| LDH in U/L | 416.28 (238.18) | 397.13 (232.45) | 426.83 (241.17) | 0.2753 |
| CRP in mg/dL | 141.87 (110.53) | 130.60 (98.64) | 147.60 (115.88) | 0.1601 |
| Hospitalization Characteristics | ||||
| Length of Hospital Stay in days | 14.15 (10.71) | 13.77 (9.66) | 14.34 (11.21) | 0.6153 |
| ICU Admission | 201 (50.25) | 62 (46.62) | 139 (52.06) | 0.3062 |
| Length of ICU Stay in days | 12.16 (8.52) | 12.02 (9.13) | 12.22 (8.28) | 0.8732 |
| Endotracheal Intubation | 161 (40.25) | 48 (36.09) | 113 (42.32) | 0.2322 |
| Vasopressor Support | 142 (35.50) | 42 (31.58) | 100 (37.45) | 0.2485 |
| Mortality | 89 (22.25) | 28 (21.05) | 61 (22.85) | 0.6896 |