Table 2. Urine biochemistry results of healthy horses, horses with clinical kidney dysfunction (horses with AKI) and horses at risk for acute kidney injury.
| Parameter | Healthy horses (n = 30) | Horses with AKI (n = 10) | Horses at risk for AKI (n = 30) | P Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Me | Q3 | Q1 | Me | Q3 | Q1 | Me | Q3 | ||
| pH | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 5.45 | 6 | 7.95 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 0.001*# |
| Specific gravity (g/l) | 1.021 | 1.031 | 1.042 | 1.011 | 1.013 | 1.0225 | 1.02 | 1.033 | 1.036 | NS |
| Protein (g/l) | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.375 | 0.69 | 1.24 | 0.13 | 0.205 | 0.315 | <0.0001*^ |
| Creatinine (mmol/l) | 13.9 | 20.9 | 33.8 | 3.5 | 9.1 | 15.0 | 12.7 | 17.1 | 22.5 | NS |
| UPC | 0.014 | 0.023 | 0.04 | 0.35 | 0.65 | 3.1 | 0.075 | 0.095 | 0.16 | <0.0001*^ |
| GGT | 18.0 | 21.0 | 20.5 | 22.0 | 20.5 | 23.0 | 19.3 | 25 | 32 | NS |
| GGT: Crea (IU/mmol) | 0.74 | 1.07 | 1.52 | 1.62 | 4.55 | 7.19 | 1.22 | 1.44 | 1.97 | <0.05*# |
| Sodium (mmol/l) | 15.6 | 20.2 | 24.3 | 26.9 | 28.9 | 56.6 | 13.5 | 23.8 | 40.7 | NS |
| FENa (%) | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.44 | 1.95 | 5.80 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.17 | <0.005*# |
Note: AKI–acute kidney injury; Q1 –quartile 1; Me–median; Q3 –quartile 3; UPC—urine protein creatinine ratio; GGT–Gamma-glutamyl transferase; Crea–creatinine; FENa—Fractional sodium excretion; NS–statistically insignificant.
*—p<0.05 for healthy horses and AKI horses.
^—p<0.05 for healthy horses and horses at risk for AKI
#—p<0.05 for AKI horses and horses at risk for AKI.