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. 2020 Oct 15;65(8):1437–1443. doi: 10.1007/s00038-020-01483-3

Table 2.

Determinants associated with positive and negative affects among university and college students in network-based survey, China, February 20–22, 2020

Variables PA NA
β SE 95% CI β SE 95% CI
Education (ref: two- and three-year students)
 Undergraduate 2.872** 0.127 (2.623, 3.122) 0.572** 0.122 (0.334, 0.811)
 Master and above 2.826** 0.338 (2.163, 3.489) 0.366 0.323 (− 0.268, 1.000)
Major (ref: non-medical)
 Medical 0.847** 0.128 (0.596, 1.098) 0.151 0.122 (− 0.089, 0.391)
Health literacy on communicable diseases (ref: no)
 Yes 1.399** 0.136 (1.132, 1.665) − 0.311* 0.130 (− 0.566, − 0.057)
Satisfaction with measures for pandemic prevention and control (ref: high)
 Moderate − 0.421* 0.125 (− 0.666, − 0.176) 1.072** 0.120 (0.837, 1.306)
 Low − 1.334* 0.425 (− 2.166, − 0.501) 2.661** 0.406 (1.866, 3.456)
Concern about the outbreak (ref: high)
 Moderate − 2.037** 0.111 (− 2.255, − 1.819) − 0.413** 0.106 (− 0.621, − 0.205)
 Low − 5.158** 0.359 (− 5.863, − 4.454) − 1.598** 0.343 (− 2.271, − 0.925)
The risk of infection (ref: high)
 Moderate − 1.030* 0.451 (− 1.915, − 0.145) − 1.326* 0.431 (− 2.172, − 0.481)
 Low − 0.914* 0.433 (− 1.763, − 0.066) − 3.199** 0.414 (− 4.01, − 2.388)
Impact of the outbreak (ref: high)
 Moderate − 0.688** 0.122 (− 0.927, − 0.449) − 2.696** 0.116 (− 2.924, − 2.467)
 Low − 1.414** 0.144 (− 1.697, − 1.131) − 5.195** 0.138 (− 5.465, − 4.924)
Sleep duration (ref: short sleep)
 Normal sleep 0.838* 0.293 (0.263, 1.412) − 1.513** 0.280 (− 2.062, − 0.964)
 Long sleep 0.633* 0.293 (0.059, 1.208) − 1.171** 0.280 (− 1.720, − 0.621)
Outing in the past 2 weeks (ref: stay at home all the time)
 Walk around the house 0.484** 0.130 (0.228, 0.740)
 Often go out 1.115 0.832 (− 0.515, 2.746)
 Others − 0.257 0.328 (− 0.900, 0.387)
Frequency of masks wearing (ref: every time)
 Often 0.367 0.225 (− 0.073, 0.807) 0.983** 0.214 (0.564, 1.402)
 Not at all − 0.153 0.274 (− 0.691, 0.385) 0.509 0.262 (− 0.004, 1.023)
Frequency of hand washing in the past 2 weeks (ref: increased significantly)
 As usual − 1.192** 0.131 (− 1.449, − 0.934) − 0.535** 0.126 (− 0.782, − 0.289)
 Others − 1.484* 0.577 (− 2.616, − 0.353) − 0.776 0.547 (− 1.848, 0.296)

**P < 0.001, *P < 0.05, PA and NA were measured by PANAS scale (Watson et al. 1988)