Figure 3.

Methods of spines segmentation. To assess numerical values of parameters describing spines shape (A) it is necessary to define object boundary. In 2D projection, spines are presented as flat objects (B; Ghani et al., 2016; Bokota et al., 2016). In 3D it was proposed to present the spine surface as a set of ellipses along the spine centerline that are connected (C; Luengo-Sanchez et al., 2018; Choi et al., 2019) or a triangle mesh (D; Kashiwagi et al., 2019). Such a presentation enables us to extract more complex parameters reflecting the constructed model of the spine.