| Type of Microneedles |
Materials |
Fabrication Technique |
| Solid |
Silicon |
Dry-etching, wet etching, isotropic dry etching, anisotropic wet etching |
|
Metals such as: stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, nickel |
Laser ablation, laser cutting, wet etching, metal electroplating |
|
Polymers such as: methylvinylether and maleic anhydride (PMVE/MA), polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), poly-lactic-coglycolic acid (PLGA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA) |
Photolithography, electroplating, molding |
|
Ceramics |
Micromolding and sintering |
| Coated |
Same as solid microneedles |
above + coating with viscous solution + drug coating |
| Dissolving |
Sugars, polymers, CMC, polymer chondroitin sulfate, polymer dextrin, PVP, PVA, PLGA, fibroin, dextran |
Micromolding, ion etching, photopolymerization process ultrasonic welding, fused deposition modelling with 3D‒printing, micromachining |
| Hollow |
Silicon, glass, polymer, metal |
3D‒printing, laser wet chemical etching, deep reactive ion etching, micromachining, lithographic molding, X‒ray photolithography, micro-fabrication |
