Table 2.
Coefficients of resource selection functions for coyote (Canis latrans) movement behavior (encamped, foraging, and traveling) during diurnal, crepuscular (crep.), and nocturnal periods in the snow-free season
| Variable | Encamped | Foraging | Traveling | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diurnal | Crep. | Nocturnal | Diurnal | Crep. | Nocturnal | Diurnal | Crep. | Nocturnal | |
| Forest at 10 m | – 0.12 (0.25) | – 0.44 (0.35) | – 0.08 (0.34) | – 0.03 (0.12) | – 0.14 (0.13) | – 0.28 (0.17) | – 0.32 (0.13) | – 0.19 (0.12) | – 0.11 (0.15) |
| Open at 10 m | – 0.16 (0.29) | – 0.58 (0.40) | – 0.25 (0.37) | 0.41 (0.15) | 0.09 (0.16) | 0.13 (0.21) | – 0.13 (0.15) | 0.22 (0.15) | 0.53 (0.20) |
| Forest at 500 m | 0.71 (1.42) | – 0.70 (1.81) | 0.75 (2.24) | – 0.21 (0.36) | 0.16 (0.40) | – 0.32 (0.49) | 0.92 (0.34) | 0.42 (0.30) | 0.44 (0.37) |
| Open at 500 m | – 0.89 (1.91) | – 0.73 (2.38) | – 0.28 (2.64) | – 0.80 (0.47) | – 1.50 (0.56) | – 1.83 (0.74) | 0.01 (0.39) | – 0.41 (0.39) | – 1.56 (0.53) |
| Forest–open edge density at 50 m | 0.20 (0.24) | 0.30 (0.34) | 0.01 (0.30) | 0.05 (0.11) | 0.31 (0.13) | – 0.10 (0.16) | – 0.10 (0.10) | – 0.06 (0.11) | 0.03 (0.15) |
| Landscape heterogeneity at 500 ma | 0.39 (0.79) | – 0.33 (1.06) | 0.75 (1.28) | 0.31 (0.21) | 0.78 (0.26) | 0.17 (0.33) | 0.47 (0.18) | 0.12 (0.18) | 0.73 (0.22) |
| Linear corridor density at 100 m | – 0.31 (1.01) | 0.60 (1.34) | – 1.00 (1.44) | – 1.56 (0.43) | – 1.42 (0.47) | – 1.41 (0.52) | – 1.18 (0.43) | – 0.27 (0.39) | – 0.16 (0.45) |
| Linear corridor density at 500 m | 0.15 (3.84) | 4.23 (5.14) | 3.22 (5.80) | 3.52 (1.10) | 2.61 (1.17) | 4.13 (1.37) | 3.12 (1.00) | 2.29 (0.93) | 2.56 (1.16) |
| Elevation (per 100 m) | 0.32 (0.32) | 0.08 (0.42) | 0.19 (0.56) | 0.15 (0.08) | 0.12 (0.10) | 0.07 (0.12) | 0.20 (0.07) | 0.09 (0.06) | – 0.25 (0.08) |
| Slope (radians) | – 0.43 (1.18) | – 0.06 (1.57) | – 0.37 (1.90) | – 0.29 (0.39) | – 1.05 (0.49) | – 2.65 (0.64) | – 1.84 (0.42) | – 2.98 (0.41) | – 2.66 (0.53) |
| Step distance (m, natural log) | – 0.71 (0.03) | – 0.77 (0.04) | – 0.79 (0.04) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.10 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.80 (0.03) | 0.87 (0.03) | 0.79 (0.04) |
| Turning angle (cosine) | – 0.40 (0.05) | – 0.54 (0.07) | – 0.47 (0.06) | 0.03 (0.04) | – 0.06 (0.05) | – 0.05 (0.06) | 0.50 (0.05) | 0.35 (0.05) | 0.38 (0.06) |
We estimated movement behavior using hidden Markov models from coyotes monitored using GPS collars recording locations every 2 h from October 2011 to October 2015 in Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada. Significant coefficients (2 × SE < β) are in bold font
aLandscape heterogeneity was measured as the Simpson’s Diversity Index between forested, open, and wetland land cover