Table 2.

Informal care from outside the household by country

	Number of observations		% of N
	Italy	Spain	Italy (%)	Spain (%)	Difference (%)
Size of the sample (N)	$2181$	$2344$	$100$	$100$	–
Receipt of help
Total	$580$	$638$	$26.59$	$27.22$	$-0.63$
Outside the household	$451$	$449$	$20.68$	$19.16$	$1.52$
Inside the household	$185$	$287$	$8.48$	$12.24$	$-3.{76}^{\ast \ast \ast }$
Caregiver’s identity
Family member, outside household	$347$	$402$	$15.91$	$17.15$	$-1.24$
Other, outside household	$104$	$47$	$4.77$	$2.01$	$2.{76}^{\ast \ast \ast }$
Family member, inside household	$177$	$269$	$8.12$	$11.48$	$-3.{36}^{\ast \ast \ast }$
Other, inside household	$8$	$18$	$0.37$	$0.77$	$-0.40$
Informal care from outside the household by type and caregiver
Informal care for IADL	$424$	$416$	$19.44$	$17.75$	$1.69$
Family member	$325$	$372$	$14.90$	$15.87$	$-0.97$
Other	$99$	$44$	$4.54$	$1.88$	$2.{66}^{\ast \ast \ast }$
Informal care for ADL	$163$	$209$	$7.48$	$8.91$	$-1.{43}^{\ast }$
Family member	$138$	$193$	$6.33$	$8.23$	$-1.{90}^{\ast \ast }$
Other	$25$	$16$	$1.15$	$0.68$	$0.47$

The significance levels of the two-tailed Welch’s t test for difference in means are coded as follows: *significance at 10% level, **significance at 5% level, ***significance at 1% level