Table 7.

Probit regression models controlling for regional fixed effects

	Informal care (${\text{IC}}^1$)		Informal care ADL (${\text{IC}}^2$)		Informal care IADL $\left({\text{IC}}^3\right)$
	Italy	Spain	Italy	Spain	Italy	Spain
(Intercept)	$-2.{020}^{\ast \ast \ast }$ $\left(0.405\right)$	$-1.{615}^{\ast \ast \ast }$ $\left(0.458\right)$	$-2.{270}^{\ast \ast \ast }$ $\left(0.562\right)$	$-2.{452}^{\ast \ast \ast }$ $\left(0.666\right)$	$-2.{060}^{\ast \ast \ast }$ $\left(0.416\right)$	$-2.{012}^{\ast \ast \ast }$ $\left(0.475\right)$
LTCI public	$0.{380}^{\ast \ast \ast }$ $\left(0.113\right)$	$-0.{433}^{\ast \ast \ast }$ $\left(0.099\right)$	$0.{373}^{\ast \ast }$ $\left(0.157\right)$	$-0.{243}^{\ast \ast }$ $\left(0.121\right)$	$0.{423}^{\ast \ast \ast }$ $\left(0.114\right)$	$-0.{453}^{\ast \ast \ast }$ $\left(0.102\right)$
LTCI private	$0.153$ $\left(0.358\right)$	$-0.192$ $\left(0.249\right)$	$-3.449$ $\left(100.738\right)$	$-0.152$ $\left(0.315\right)$	$0.239$ $\left(0.361\right)$	$-0.238$ $\left(0.270\right)$
Controls (excl. wealth)a	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Regional dummiesb	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Pseudo R2c	14.57%	22.97%	23.76%	27.70%	15.12%	22.91%
N	1903	2′029	1903	2029	1903	2029

Dependent variables in the first row

Robust standard errors are reported in parentheses. The significance levels of the two-tailed hypothesis test are coded as follows: * significance at 10% level, ** significance at 5% level, *** significance at 1% level

^aControl variables used in Section “Empirical results” excluding wealth

^bRegional binary variables based on the NUTS 2 classification (Regions for Italy and Autonomous Communities for Spain)

^cMc. Fadden’s pseudo R²