Table 1.
Characteristics of analysis sample and IV-sample
| Total sample | IV-sample | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Cantril’s ladder | 6.4 | 2.0 | 6.9 | 1.8 |
| ICECAP-A | 0.75 | 0.20 | 0.79 | 0.176 |
| EQ-5D-5L | 0.84 | 0.21 | 0.85 | 0.205 |
| HH income in £ | 37,843 | 56,729 | 45,200 | 78,838 |
| Age | 42.6 | 13.9 | 47.2 | 12.4 |
| Female | 51.8% | 48.8% | ||
| Tertiary education | 45.4% | 50.0% | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 59.5% | 66.8% | ||
| Divorced/widowed | 9.2% | 10.9% | ||
| Never married | 31.3% | 22.3% | ||
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed | 54.8% | 61.9% | ||
| Self-employed | 9.5% | 9.2% | ||
| Unemployed | 5.5% | 2.2% | ||
| Homemaker | 9.7% | 6.1% | ||
| Student | 5.2% | 1.0% | ||
| Retired | 9.5% | 14.8% | ||
| Unable to work | 5.8% | 4.9% | ||
| Religious affiliation | ||||
| Christian | 42.1% | 49.8% | ||
| Atheist | 32.8% | 29.5% | ||
| Agnostic | 13.0% | 11.9% | ||
| Muslim | 3.8% | 1.8% | ||
| Other religion | 8.4% | 7.0% | ||
| Importance of religion | 2.8 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.1 |
| HRAS | 29.0 | 5.8 | 30.1 | 5.4 |
| N | 1373 | 1373 | ||
IV instrumental variable, HH household; Importance of religion measured on a 1 (low) to 7 (high) scale; HRAS health risk attitude scale ranging from 6 (risk loving) to 42 (risk averse)