Table 5.
Example of anticancer (anti-proliferation) potential of coltsfoot.
| assay | Solvent/components | Model/method | Concentration/Dosage | Positive control | Findings | Reference | |
| Anti-cancer | Sesquiterpenoids (flower bud) | Three cancer cell lines (AGS, HT-29 and PANC-1) | (50.0,25.0, 12.5,6.25, 3.12 μM) Au or Ag | N/d | The IC50 values of PANC-1 cells were the lowest: 166.1 μM Ag for TF-AgNPs and 71.2 μM Au for TF-AuNPs | Lee et al. (2019b) | |
| Anti-cancer | MeOH fraction (leaves, rachis) | Co-treatment of Huh7 cells with TF and TRAIL induced apoptosis (in vitro) | TF (200 μg ml−1) and TRAIL (100 ng ml−1) | DMSO 0.1% (v/v). | ↓ inhibition of the MKK7-TIPRL interaction and ↑ in MKK7/JNK phosphorylation | Lee et al. (2014) | |
| Anti-cancer | 55% acetonitril ECN (5) | TNBC MDA-MB-231 Cells (in vitro) TNBC Female BALB/c nude mice (in vivo) | ECN (0–15 μ M) ECN (1 mg kg−1) |
Staurosporine (IC50 = 0.3 μM) | ↓ the JAK–STAT3 signaling pathway and the expression of STAT3 target genes inducing apoptosis of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 3.27 μg ml−1) | Jang et al. (2019) | |
| Anti-proliferation | TSL (13) | SW480 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines (in vitro) | TSL (2,10, and 30 μM) | DMSO | ↓ the β-catenin activity and ↓the expression of target genes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway dose dependently | Li et al. (2014) | |
| anti-angiogenesis | TSL (13) | HUVEC (in vitro) VEGF-induced angiogenesis (In vivo) | TSL (3, 10, and 30 μM), TSL (1 and 10 mg kg−1) | Cabozanitib (XL184) (5 μM) (30 mg kg−1) | Anti-proliferation via ↓ VEGFR2 signaling pathway and 30 μM (TSL) more effect than cabozanitib (5 μM) ↓ endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation and angiogenesis |
Li et al. (2019) | |
| Anti-cancer | Polysaccharides (TFPB1) | A549 human non-small lung cancer cell line (in vitro) | TFPB1 (0–1000 μg ml−1) | N/d | In a dose-dependent manner anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effect via modulated by the downregulation of PI3K/Akt pathway | Qu et al. (2018) | |
Notes.
↑Activated, ↓Inhibition, N/d, no date; TF, Tussilago farfara L.; AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; AuNPs, gold nanoparticles; HUVEC, tube formation of primary human umbilical vascular endothelial cell; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; AGS, human gastric adenocarcinoma cell; HT-29, human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell; PANC-1, human pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma cell; TNBCs, Triple-negative breast cancers; MDA-MB-231, Human Breast Cancer Cells; MKK7, mitogen protein kinase kinase 7; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; TIPRL, TOR signaling pathway regulator-like protein; STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; JAK, Janus kinase.