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. 2020 Oct 15;10:17406. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73878-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a, b) Fluence and temperature increase measured by the photodetector and thermocouple in the in vitro phantom experiment. (c) The photoacoustic signal intensity increased with the different temperature of the heating tunnel (*, p < 0.05). Note that the temperature of the water bath was almost unchanged due to the special setting of the phantom and an optical absorber (hair) (N = 3 in each experiment). (d) The temperature change of the hair during experiment.