Table 1.
Respiratory disease | |||
---|---|---|---|
Infectious agent | Cytokine response | Tissue | References |
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae | Increase: IL-6, IL-1α, TNF-α | Serum (pig) | (85) |
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae | Increase: IL-1α and -β,TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ | Airway and lung tissue (pig) | (86–88) |
Increase: IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α | Lymphatic tissue (pig) | (89, 90) | |
Increase: IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-1α, and β and IL-6 | Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (natural infection) (pig) | (91) | |
Influenza virus | Increase: IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ | Lung (pig) | (92) |
Increase: IFN-γ, IL-1ra, and IL-4 | Plasma (human) | (93) | |
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus | Increase: IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-12p40, and TNF-α | Lung macrophages (pig) | (94) |
Gastrointestinal disease | |||
Infectious agent | Cytokine response | Tissue | Reference |
Lawsonia intracellularis | IL-8 and TNF-α | Enterocyte-derived porcine cell line | (95) |
TNF- α, IL-6, IFN-γ | Blood (pig) | (96) | |
Escherichia coli | IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 | Blood (pig) | (97) |
Porcine circovirus type 2 (Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome) | IL-10 (monocytic cells in vitro) | (98) | |
IL-10 | Blood (pig) | (99) | |
Increase: IFNy and IL8, slightly increased IFN-β, IL-1β and IL-12 Decrease: IFN-α and IL-4 |
Tracheobronchial lymph nodes (pig) | (90) | |
IFN-α, IL-6, and IL-10 | Serum (pig) | (100) | |
Weaning | IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α | Intestine (piglet) | (101) |
The effect on cytokine levels is an increase unless otherwise mentioned.