Table 4.
Complications, treatment and outcomes of patients infected with COVID-19
| Total (N = 134) | Severe (N = 46) | Non-severe (N = 88) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complications, no. (%) | 15 (11.2) | 13 (28.3) | 2 (2.3) | 0.000* |
| Arrhythmia | 4 (3.0) | 3 (6.5) | 1 (1.1) | 0.228 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 3 (2.2) | 3 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 0.071 |
| Acute kidney injury | 3 (2.2) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (1.1) | 0.563 |
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia | 2 (1.5) | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0.116 |
| Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome | 2 (1.5) | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0.116 |
| Shock | 1 (0.7) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.343 |
| Treatments | ||||
| Antiviral treatment, no. (%) | 129 (96.3) | 46 (100.0) | 83 (94.3) | 0.243 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 87 (64.9) | 30 (65.2) | 57 (64.8) | 0.959 |
| Interferon alpha inhalation | 68 (50.7) | 23 (50.0) | 45 (51.1) | 0.901 |
| Arbidol | 57 (42.5) | 23 (50) | 34 (38.6) | 0.206 |
| Ribaviron | 44 (32.8) | 22 (47.8) | 22 (25.0) | 0.008* |
| Chloroquine | 3 (2.2) | 3 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 0.071 |
| Duration of antiviral treatment, median (IQR), days | 13.0 (8.0–17.0) | 14.0 (9.0–18.3) | 12.0 (7.0–16.0) | 0.112 |
| Onset of symptom to antiviral, median (IQR), days | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | 6.0 (3.8–10.0) | 6.0 (4.0–8.8) | 0.542 |
| Antibiotics treatment, No. (%) | 103 (76.9) | 40 (87.0) | 63 (71.6) | 0.045* |
| Duration of antibiotics treatment, median (IQR), days | 10.0 (7.0–14.0) | 11.0 (7.0–15.5) | 10.0 (6.3–14.0) | 0.325 |
| Antifungal treatment, no. (%) | 2 (1.5) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 |
| Glucocorticoid therapy, no. (%) | 41 (30.6) | 29 (63.0) | 12 (13.6) | 0.000* |
| Duration of glucocorticoid therapy, median (IQR), days | 3 （2.0–5.5） | 5 (3–6) | 3 (1–3) | 0.012* |
| Onset of symptom to glucocorticoid therapy, median (IQR), days | 6 （5.0–10.3） | 6 (5–12) | 6 (5–8) | 0.427 |
| Gamma globulin, no. (%) | 13 (9.7) | 9 (19.6) | 4 (4.5) | 0.013* |
| Duration of gamma globulin therapy, median (IQR), days | 4.0 (3.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.5–7.0) | 5.0 (3.5–16.3) | 0.351 |
| Oxygen inhalation, no. (%) | 91 (67.9) | 43 (93.5) | 48 (54.4) | 0.000* |
| Non-invasive ventilation, no. (%) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.343 |
| IMV, no. (%) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.343 |
| ECMO, no. (%) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.343 |
| CRRT, no. (%) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.343 |
| Clinical outcome, no. (%) | ||||
| Discharge | 123 (91.8) | 39 (84.8) | 84 (95.5) | 0.071 |
| Remained in hospital | 10 (7.5) | 8 (17.4) | 2 (2.3) | 0.005* |
| Died | 1 (0.7) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.343 |
P values indicate differences between severe and non-severe patients. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.