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Schematic summary of mechanistic insight of PDB therapy in nicotine-induced OA. ECM: extracellular matrix; EGF: epidermal growth factor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; IGF-1: insulin-derived growth factor-1; OA: osteoarthritis; PDB: platelet-derived biomaterial; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-β1; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
