Table 3.
Postoperative renal function and postoperative outcomes.
| NSAID PCA (n = 247) | Opioid PCA (n = 247) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GFR Percentage (%) | |||
| 2 Weeks | 90.5 ± 16.0 | 89.5 ± 15.4 | 0.5 |
| 6 Months | 90.9 ± 16.6 | 90.8 ± 14.9 | 0.946 |
| 1 Year | 92.0 ± 15.0 | 90.2 ± 15.4 | 0.206 |
| BUN/Creatinine Ratio | |||
| 2 Weeks | 16.9 ± 5.5 | 17.2 ± 6.0 | 0.539 |
| 6 Months | 17.4 ± 5.2 | 17.1 ± 5.2 | 0.53 |
| 1 Year | 17.8 ± 5.3 | 17.4 ± 4.8 | 0.347 |
| Creatinine Percentage (%) | |||
| 2 Weeks | 129.5 ± 2.5 | 113.7 ± 0.2 | 0.337 |
| 6 Months | 118 ± 0.8 | 113.7 ± 0.2 | 0.424 |
| 1 Year | 110.3 ± 0.2 | 113.7 ± 0.2 | 0.093 |
| Clavien–Dindo Complication | 0.885 | ||
| 1 | 154 (62.3%) | 150 (60.7%) | |
| 2 | 1 (5.7%) | 13 (5.3%) | |
| 3A | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (0.4%) | |
| AKI | 0.425 | ||
| Stage 1 | 22 (8.9%) | 16 (6.5%) | |
| Stage 2 | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.2%) | |
| Stage 3 | 2 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Total | 24 (9.7%) | 19 (7.7%) | |
| Pain score (NRS) | |||
| 30 min | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 5.8 ± 2.0 | 0.268 |
| 6 h | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 0.514 |
| 24 h | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 0.010 * |
| 48 h | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 0.246 |
| 7 Days | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 0.458 |
| Numbers of PCA-Use Days | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 3.9 ± 1.2 | 0.000 * |
| Length of Hospital Stay (Days) | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 8.5 ± 0.9 | 0.000 * |
NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PCA, patient-controlled analgesia; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GFR percentage means postoperative GFR divided by preoperative GFR; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; AKI, acute kidney injury; NRS, numerical rating scale. Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (%). * p-value < 0.05.