Table 7.
Comparison of baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome between patients with and without ECG on presentation.
| Baseline ECG (n = 623) |
Without Baseline ECG (n = 249) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Women | 267 (42.9) | 119 (47.8) | 0.19 |
| Age, years | 64.2 ± 17.0 | 57.3 ± 19.6 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 118 (18.9) | 55 (22.19) | 0.29 |
| Hypertension | 290 (46.5) | 93 (37.3) | 0.013 |
| Dyslipidemia | 69 (27.7) | 212 (34.0) | 0.07 |
| Any CV risk factor | 415 (66.6) | 150 (60.2) | 0.08 |
| Obesity | 112 (22.4) | 46 (21.8) | 0.86 |
| Ischemic chronic disease | 51 (8.2) | 9 (3.6) | 0.016 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 52 (8.3) | 18 (7.2) | 0.58 |
| Heart failure | 33 (5.3) | 10 (4.0) | 0.43 |
| Moderate to severe valve heart disease | 23 (3.7) | 6 (2.4) | 0.34 |
| COPD | 52 (8.3) | 14 (5.6) | 0.17 |
| Cancer | 78 (12.5) | 33 (13.3) | 0.77 |
| CKD | 57 (9.1) | 18 (7.2) | 0.36 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 27 (4.3) | 7 (2.8) | 0.29 |
| Stroke | 35 (5.6) | 16 (6.4) | 0.65 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 128.5 ± 19.5 | 129.1 ± 19.4 | 0.68 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76.9 ± 13.7 | 76.5 ± 13.5 | 0.72 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 90.9 ± 18.4 | 89.4 ± 16.4 | 0.27 |
| Respiratory rate, rpm | 24.6 ± 7.1 | 22.4 ± 8.2 | 0.011 |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 95.1 ± 4.4 | 93.8 ± 6.1 | 0.13 |
| Baseline FiO2, % | 26.6 ± 17.2 | 24.9 ± 8.2 | 0.42 |
| PaO2/FiO2 < 300, n (%) | 210 (44.6) | 41 (41.4) | 0.56 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.5 ± 1.7 | 13.4 ± 1.8 | 0.34 |
| White blood cell count, per µL | 7.23 ± 3.7 | 6.31 ± 2.8 | 0.001 |
| Lymphocytes, per µL | 1.44 ± 2.26 | 1.48 ± 1.18 | 0.71 |
| Platelet count | 210.4 ± 81.8 | 220.5 ± 86.5 | 0.13 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.08 ± 0.72 | 0.95 ± 0.46 | 0.002 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 80.7 ± 30.3 | 88.3 ± 32.4 | 0.003 |
| Creatine phosphokinase, U/L | 93 (57–175) | 78 (50–151) | 0.079 |
| Serum lactate, mmoL/L | 1.3 (1.03–1.67) | 1.25 (0.93–1.6) | 0.16 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 7.3 (3.1–14.1) | 4.0 (1.5–9.3) | <0.001 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.12 (0.08–0.24) | 0.09 (0.05–0.20) | <0.001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 315.9 ± 135.1 | 295.6 ± 160.6 | 0.15 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 690 (440–1190) | 610 (370–910) | 0.004 |
| High sensitivity troponin T > 14 ng/L | 184 (35.7) | 41 (30.4) | 0.25 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 180 (48–540) | 97 (25–346) | 0.013 |
| Abnormal chest radiography | 549 (89.0) | 161 (72.2) | <0.001 |
| Tocilizumab | 105 (16.9) | 14 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| No hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin | 16 (2.6) | 60 (24.1) | <0.001 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 16 (2.6) | 11 (4.4) | |
| Azithromycin | 10 (1.6) | 11 (4.4) | |
| Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin | 581 (93.3) | 167 (67.1) | |
| Oxygen support | 377 (60.5) | 78 (31.3) | <0.001 |
| High Flow Nasal Cannula | 10 (1.6) | 3 (1.2) | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 28 (4.5) | 4 (1.6) | |
| Intubation and invasive ventilation | 44 (7.1) | 11 (4.4) | |
| Length of hospitalization, days | 10 (5–19) | 8 (1–17) | <0.001 |
| Death | 74 (11.9) | 27 (10.8) | 0.66 |
Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median and (interquartile range) or number and (percentage). CV: Cardiovascular. COPD: chronic obstruction pulmonary disease, CKD: chronic kidney disease, CRP: C-reactive protein. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.